Abstract
The sport commitment model proposed by Schmidt and Stein is one of the most complete paradigms on the etiology of burnout syndrome. According to this model, the degree of burnout of athletes is related to the nature of their commitment to sporting activity. Based on the Benefits, Costs, Satisfaction, Alternatives, and Investments, three types of athletes are defined: (1) athletes who are fully committed because they enjoy the activity; (2) athletes who are committed because they feel trapped; (3) athletes who are not committed and are at risk of abandonment. Analysis of cluster and analysis of variance were performed using data collected from a sample of 357 athletes. The results were aligned with the Schmidt and Stein model predictions in terms of athlete type and partial scores for each component of the model, although with slight variations. The percentage of athletes correctly classified is 99.35% for the cluster of committed athletes; 97.35% for the cluster of entrapped athletes; 96.63% for the cluster of non-committed athletes at risk of abandonment. In conclusion, the sport commitment model provides a useful approach to explain the etiology of burnout in athletes, helping to understand the psychological keys to the syndrome.
Highlights
The sport commitment model [1] is an etiological paradigm of burnout, in which the variable of interest is sport commitment
Authors of the sport commitment model consider burnout syndrome in athletes according to a combination of five factors: Benefits, Costs, Satisfaction, Alternatives, and Investments
Considering the most recent of these studies [13,14], the results indicate a clear trend: almost 25 years later, there is a lack of in-depth study on the sport commitment model
Summary
The sport commitment model [1] is an etiological paradigm of burnout, in which the variable of interest is sport commitment. Authors of the sport commitment model consider burnout syndrome in athletes according to a combination of five factors: Benefits, Costs, Satisfaction, Alternatives, and Investments. If the Benefits obtained from sport are high, Satisfaction and Investments are high, while Costs and Alternatives are low, the athlete would generate a high degree of commitment to the sport, based essentially on positive associations. If the five factors are reversed, athletes can experience serious burnout due to entrapment, namely the sensation that there is no way out, and when they do find one, it generally leads to dropping out of the sport. This could be avoided by intervening on the levels of the factors involved in the model so that the athlete does not feel trapped
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