탄소 배출 시나리오를 통한 고등학생들의 탄소 순환에 대한 질량 보존의 개념 분석

163. Associations Between In-person and Electronic Bullying Victimization and Missing School Because of Safety Concerns Among U.S. High School Students

Prevalence, frequency, intensity, and location of cigarette use among adolescents in China from 2013–14 to 2019: Findings from two repeated cross-sectional studies

This study emphasizes student-centered learning principles in developing an algal fuel cell teaching module for a student environmental education program. Using the algal battery, one of the authors (a junior high school science teacher) conducted the teaching module in eight classes, with 67 elementary school students in grade 5, 64 junior high school students in grade 8, and 159 senior high school students in grade 10, respectively. Results from the pre- and post- achievement tests of the algal fuel cell teaching module showed that the average score of elementary school, senior high school, and junior high school students increased by 23.73, 18.09, and 17.42 points, respectively, with a significant difference between post- and pretest scores (p<0.001). The gross average of student responses to the questionnaire was 4.04. The mean score for elementary school students significantly differed (p<0.01) from junior high and senior high school students.

Rethinking wedges

The aim of this study was to estimate the association between insufficient sleep and prescription opioid misuse among US high school students. Participants were 6,884 high school students who self-reported on sleep duration and prescription opioid misuse in the 2019 Youth Risk Behavior Survey. Sleep duration was categorized by the Youth Risk Behavior Survey according to the American Academy of Sleep Medicine guidelines as follows: recommended sleep duration (8-9 hours) vs insufficient sleep (< 8 hours). Participants also reported whether they had any prescription opioid misuse during their lifetime and whether they had prescription opioid misuse within the past 30 days. Most (79.4%) participants reported sleeping less than 8 hours per night. Among all youth, 12.9% reported lifetime prescription opioid misuse and 6.2% reported current prescription opioid misuse. Prevalence of both lifetime and current opioid medication misuse was higher among those also reporting insufficient sleep compared to those reporting recommended sleep duration (14.3% vs 7.7%, P < .0001 for lifetime misuse and 6.6% vs 4.3%, P = .0091 for current misuse). In multivariate models, insufficient sleep was associated with an increased odds of lifetime prescription opioid misuse (adjusted odds ratios = 1.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.1-1.2; P = .006); however, we did not find an association between sleep duration and current prescription opioid misuse in multivariate analysis. Sleep duration is associated with lifetime opioid misuse among US youth. Longitudinal studies are needed to test whether causal relationships exist, and to understand biobehavioral mechanisms that underlie associations between sleep deficiency and opioid misuse in adolescents. Groenewald CB, Rabbitts JA, Tham SW, Law EF, Palermo TM. Associations between insufficient sleep and prescription opioid misuse among high school students in the United States. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(11):2205-2214.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the use of ADLX (Adaptive Learning Experience) on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade XI high school students by considering learning motivation. Using a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent control group design, this study involved several 11th grade high school students in X City who were divided into two groups: an experimental group using ADLX and a control group using conventional methods. The research instruments include mathematics learning outcome tests and learning motivation questionnaires validated by experts. The data were analyzed using the variance analysis technique (ANOVA) to test the hypothesis. The results showed significant differences in mathematics learning outcomes between the experimental and control groups, with the experimental group using ADLX showing better results. The data analysis also revealed that learning motivation interacted significantly with ADLX use, suggesting students with high learning motivation benefited more from ADLX use than students with low learning motivation. In general, students report that their learning motivation is influenced by the material's relevance to their daily lives and interactive and engaging teaching approaches. The use of ADLX, which involves hands-on experience and real-life examples, is considered effective in increasing understanding and motivation for learning math. This shows that the contextual learning approach is to improve students' understanding of mathematics. The conclusion of this study is that the use of ADLX can improve the mathematics learning outcomes of high school students in grade XI, especially for students with high learning motivation. These findings emphasize the importance of integrating adaptive technology in learning and the need for strategies to increase student learning motivation to achieve optimal learning outcomes.

Peer social support plays an important role in improving the academic resilience of grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Mertoyudan. This support helps individuals cope with academic stress, increases self-confidence, and improves their ability to face challenges. With good social support, students tend to be better able to recover from difficulties and achieve better academic performance. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between peer social support and academic resilience of grade X students at SMA Negeri 1 Mertoyudan. The method in this study used a quantitative method with a correlational approach. The data collection tool used a peer social support scale based on aspects of Sarafino and Smith (2011) which was modified from the research of Ningsih and Astuti (2024) and an academic resilience scale based on aspects of Cassidy (2016) which was modified from the research of Afriyeni and Rahayunings. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The subjects in this study were grade X high school students aged 15-18 years. The data analysis technique used in the hypothesis test used Pearson Product Moment. So that the results of the hypothesis test were obtained with a correlation value index of 0.393 with a significance level of 0.000 (p &lt;0.01), so that the results of this study indicate that there is a positive relationship which means that the higher the level of peer social support received, the higher the level of academic resilience in high school students in grade X, conversely, the lower the peer social support, the lower the academic resilience of high school students in grade X.

Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use has increased considerably among U.S. youths since 2011. Tobacco use among youths in any form, including e-cigarettes, is unsafe. Tobacco product advertising can persuade youths to start using tobacco. CDC analyzed data from the 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey to estimate the prevalence of e-cigarette advertisement exposure among U.S. middle school and high school students. The 2014 National Youth Tobacco Survey, a school-based survey of middle school and high school students in grades 6-12, included 22,007 participants. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements (categorized as "sometimes," "most of the time," or "always") was assessed for four sources: retail stores, Internet, TV and movies, and newspapers and magazines. Weighted exposure estimates were assessed overall and by school type, sex, race/ethnicity, and grade. In 2014, 68.9% of middle and high school students (18.3 million) were exposed to e-cigarette advertisements from at least one source. Among middle school students, exposure was highest for retail stores (52.8%), followed by Internet (35.8%), TV and movies (34.1%), and newspapers and magazines (25.0%). Among high school students, exposure was highest for retail stores (56.3%), followed by Internet (42.9%), TV and movies (38.4%), and newspapers and magazines (34.6%). Among middle school students, 23.4% reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising from one source, 17.4% from two sources, 13.7% from three sources, and 11.9% from four sources. Among high school students, 21.1% reported exposure to e-cigarette advertising from one source, 17.0% from two sources, 14.5% from three sources, and 18.2% from four sources. Approximately seven in 10 U.S. middle and high school students were exposed to e-cigarette advertisements in 2014. Exposure to e-cigarette advertisements might contribute to increased use of e-cigarettes among youths. Multiple approaches are warranted to reduce youth e-cigarette use and exposure to e-cigarette advertisements, including efforts to reduce youth access to settings where tobacco products, such as e-cigarettes, are sold, and regulation of youth-oriented e-cigarette marketing.

Disposable e-cigarette use has increased among United States (US)high school students in recent years. However, there is limited research on the profile of these users, how often they use these products, and whether they displace cigarette smoking. This study aimed to measure how disposable e-cigarette use among US youth varies according to demographic characteristics and whether there is any association between e-cigarette use and reduced use of traditional cigarettes. We used cross-sectional data from the 2022 National Youth Tobacco Survey and conducted a multinomial logistic regression to examine factors associated with the types of e-cigarette devices used in the prior 30 days, adjusting for sex, sexual identity, grade level and race/ethnicity. We also used a finite mixture model to account for unobserved differences among users and identify e-cigarette use patterns in different subgroups of users. United States. High school students in grades 9-12 (n = 14 389). Survey participants self-reported the type of e-cigarette device used, the frequency of e-cigarettes used and cigarettes smoked over the past 30 days. Disposable e-cigarettes were the most popular e-cigarette type. Sex, sexual orientation, grade level and race/ethnicity were associated with disposable e-cigarette use. The odds of disposable e-cigarette use were lower in male students than in female students (odds ratio [OR] = 0.78, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.64-0.96]), and higher in students who identified as gay or lesbian (OR = 1.70, 95% CI = [1.11-2.61]) or bisexual (OR = 1.52, 95% CI = [1.16-1.99]) than in heterosexual students. The odds of disposable use were higher among students in higher grades (10th, 11th and 12th) than in 9th graders (OR = 1.71, 2.24 and 2.52, respectively). Disposable e-cigarette users had a lower frequency of traditional cigarette use than other e-cigarette users, both in the low-frequency class (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 0.33, 95% CI = [0.12-0.92]) and the high-frequency class (IRR = 0.27, 95% CI = [0.08-0.92]). Disposable e-cigarette use appears to be higher among United States high school students who are female, older and/or identify as gay, lesbian or bisexual. Disposable e-cigarettes appear to be associated with reduced traditional cigarette use.

This study aims to: a) to find out the validity of interactive teaching materials (3D Page Flip) by experts, b) to find out the validity of interactive teaching materials (3D Page Flip) by the audience. In this study also using a limited method (RnD), namely Limited Research and Development, namely by using two media experts and 10 junior high school students in The District Edge-Mandau grade VIII. The process of media development starts from media planning, media creation according to design, experiments and also revisions of the results of the experiment, in the process of developing interactive learning media (3D Page Flip) requires an application assistance in its implementation of 3D page flip application. In this study the instrument was given to two expert lecturers with a result of 81.6% with valid validation, feasible, appropriate and without revision. Instruments were also given to an audience of 10 junior high school students in grade VIII at SMP Subdistrict Pinggir- Mandau with a validation score of 95% with very valid results, very suitable and without refisi. The conclusion of this research is interactive teaching material (3D Page Flip) in science subjects in junior high school grade VIII semester 1 can be used as teaching materials in junior high school.

ABSTRAK Persentase penggunaan kosmetika saat ini meningkat tajam. Distributor kosmetika semakin berlomba memberikan diskon sehingga berdampak pada pembelian kosmetika secara online serta penggunaan kosmetika ilegal dan palsu. Efek berbahaya dapat timbul akibat penggunaan kosmetik ilegal dan palsu. Oleh karena itu, sangatlah diperlukan persyaratan aman dan legal untuk penggunaan kosmetika. Tujuan pelaksanaan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini untuk menganalisis tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap pemilihan kosmetik yang aman, legal dan asli secara online. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pemberian edukasi, pemberian kuesioner materi terkait dengan kosmetik aman dan legal. Mitra sebagai target pelaksanaan kegiatan PKM ini adalah 150 siswa SMA kelas XII di Kabupaten Semarang. Pretes dan postes dalam bentuk kuesioner tentang 3 materi disampaikan. Hasil kuesioner dianalisis menggunakan statistika SPSS untuk persentase tingkat pemahaman baik, sedang dan kurang. Hasil kegiatan edukasi tentang penggunaan kosmetik yang aman dan legal, diikuti 150 siswa SMA yang terdiri dari 58 siswa dan 92 siswi kelas XII. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner, sebanyak 92 siswi memiliki kepedulian terhadap penggunaan kosmetik yang aman dan legal. Hasil tingkat pemahaman menunjukkan bahwa siswi memiliki tingkat pemahaman baik (77,17 %), pemahaman cukup (26,30%) dan 6,52% memiliki pemahaman kurang. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa siswi SMA kelas XII di Kabupaten Semarang rata-rata memiliki pemahaman yang baik tentang penggunaan kosmetik aman dan legal. Kata kunci: edukasi; kosmetika;siswa;pemahaman ABSTRACTThe percentage of cosmetic use is currently increasing sharply. Cosmetic distributors are increasingly competing to provide discounts, which has an impact on online cosmetic purchases and the use of illegal and fake cosmetics. The use of illegal and fake cosmetics can have harmful effects on the body. Therefore, safe and legal requirements for the use of cosmetics are very much needed. The purpose of implementing this activity is to analyze the level of student understanding of choosing safety, legality cosmetics by online. The method used is providing education, providing questionnaires on materials related to safety and legality cosmetics. The partners as the target for implementing this PKM activity are 150 high school students in grade XII in Semarang Regency. Pretests and posttests in the form of questionnaires about 3 materials were delivered. The results of the questionnaire were analyzed using SPSS statistics for the percentage of good, moderate and poor understanding levels. The results of educational activities on the use of safe and legal cosmetics were attended by 150 high school students consisting of 58 male and 92 female students in grade XII. Based on the results of the questionnaire, 92 female students were concerned about the use of cosmetics which are safe and legal. The results of the level of understanding show that female students have a good level of understanding (77.17%), sufficient understanding (26.30%) and 6.52% have poor understanding. Based on these results, it can be concluded that female high school students in grade XII in Semarang Regency on average have a good understanding of the use of safe and legal cosmetics. Keywords: education; cosmetics; students; understanding.

Educational authorities have questioned whether middle schools provide the best school climate for 7th and 8th grade students, and proposed that other grade configurations such as K-8th grade schools may provide a better learning environment. The purpose of this study was to compare 7th and 8th grade students' perceptions of 4 key features of school climate (disciplinary structure, student support, student engagement, and prevalence of teasing and bullying) in middle schools versus elementary or high schools. Multilevel multivariate modeling in a statewide sample of 39,036 7th and 8th grade students attending 418 schools revealed that students attending middle schools had a more negative perception of school climate than students in schools with other grade configurations. Seventh grade students placed in middle schools reported lower disciplinary structure and a higher prevalence of teasing and bullying in comparison to those in elementary schools. Eighth grade students in middle schools reported poorer disciplinary structure, lower student engagement, and a higher prevalence of teasing and bullying compared to those in high schools. These findings can guide school psychologists in identifying aspects of school climate that may be troublesome for 7th and 8th grade students in schools with different grade configurations. (PsycINFO Database Record

The Paranormal Belief Scale was given to high school students in Grade 11 (95 boys, 98 girls). This scale provides a total Paranormal Belief Score, plus scores on each of seven paranormal subscales: Traditional Religious Belief, Psi Belief, Witchcraft, Spiritualism, Superstition, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Precognition. Paranormal scale/subscale scores of high school students were compared to those of a sample of college students. Generally, high school students were greater disbelievers in paranormal phenomena than college students. High school students showed significantly less belief than college students on the total Paranormal Scale and on the subscales, Psi Belief, Extraordinary Life Forms, and Witchcraft. As hypothesized, the number of science courses taken by high school students correlated significantly and inversely with total Paranormal Scale scores, Traditional Religious Belief scores, and Psi Belief scores. Also as hypothesized, Traditional Religious Belief scores were significantly and directly associated with grade point average ( r = .21). Further as hypothesized, high school students in the most accelerated academic track showed significantly less belief on Superstition than students in other tracks.

Several researchers have highlighted the need to strengthen school-based career education in Hungary. After reviewing the international literature on similar programs, this study reports on the impact of an innovative, multi-method career education course. It aimed to support Hungarian high school (ISCED 344) students in grades 10–11 in making decisions on further education and career choices, and in dealing with related uncertainties and difficulties, mainly through developing career management competence. Using a quasi-experimental design, the intervention group of 92 students showed significantly better results on half of the 20 career orientation variables assessed six months after the end of the intervention of 12 three-quarter-hour sessions, with low effect sizes compared to the pre-intervention assessment, and the 96-student control group. In addition to a self-developed questionnaire, the CDDQ Career Decision-Making Difficulties Questionnaire; and the CFI Career Factors Inventory were used. The effectiveness of the intervention was independent of factors such as gender, age, academic performance, and parental education. The study concludes with the suggestion that an enhanced version of the course could be an officially recommended supplementary career education program in Hungarian high schools.

Many youth report driving under the influence of cannabis (DUIC) and riding with a cannabis-impaired driver (RWCD), and many perceive that cannabis causes limited impairment. We examined associations of perceived risk of regular cannabis use with DUIC and RWCD, exploring differences by sex and rural setting. In a cross-sectional study, we examined DUIC and RWCD among high school students in grades 11 and 12 who participated in the 2016-2017 Canadian Student Tobacco, Alcohol and Drugs Survey. Private and public schools across 9 Canadian provinces were included. New Brunswick and the 3 territories were not included. Multinomial logistic regression models generated adjusted and unadjusted models for the associations. A total of 52 103 students in grades 7-12, from 117 school boards and 699 schools, participated in the survey. The survey response rate was 76.2% (n = 52 103/68 415). In total, 14 520 students in grades 11 and 12 participated in the survey. Greater perceived risk of regular cannabis use was associated with reduced risk of DUIC and RWCD in a dose-response manner. Students perceiving that regular cannabis use posed great risk had an adjusted relative risk (RR) of 0.06 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.04-0.10) of DUIC in the past 30 days compared with students perceiving that regular use posed no risk. Students perceiving that regular cannabis use posed great risk had an adjusted RR of 0.09 (95% CI 0.07-0.12) of RWCD in the past 30 days compared with students perceiving no such risk. Associations were consistent for male and female students and for those living in urban and rural areas. Students perceiving minimal risk from cannabis use reported greater engagement in cannabis-related risky driving behaviours. Given the importance of youth perceptions in shaping driving and passenger behaviours, efforts must be made to disseminate appropriate information regarding cannabis-related driving risks to high school students.