Abstract
Abstract : Mixed gas underwater breathing apparatus and ambient submersibles extend the range of activities that can be accomplished by a diver. Correspondingly, the divers' needs for information transfer via visual displays are increased. Diver displays have not been designed to account for the unusual physical and perceptual effects of undersea viewing. The present project provides a systematic foundation of requirements for the optimization of visual display design for undersea applications. One of the principal classes of visual tasks required of divers is quantitative reading, and a variety of display types support this task: digital counters, round dials, horizontal and vertical tapes, and light emitting diode displays. Display characteristics related to legibility include viewing distance, symbol size, luminance, color and location in the visual field. Optimum values of these characteristics depend on the turbidity and luminance characteristics of the viewing environment, and on the visual-perceptual characteristics of the underwater viewer. Detailed analyses were made of these two sources of determinants of display legibility for a range of conditions typical of undersea operations. Results of the analyses provide general guides for display optimization in undersea viewing environments, and a foundation for experiments needed to more precisely specify display parameter-legibility relationships.
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