Amphistegina media filtration as pretreatment of SWRO desalination unit for producing different salinities to study the corrosion behavior of various materials

Evaluation of power and freshwater production based on integrated gas turbine, S-CO2, and ORC cycles with RO desalination unit

Identification of behaviour and evaluation of performance of small scale, low-temperature Organic Rankine Cycle system coupled with a RO desalination unit

Experimental evaluation of a multi-skid reverse osmosis unit operating at fluctuating power input

Feedback standard addition method coupled flow injection analysis – Validation by spectrophotometric determination of nitrite in seawater

The ever-increasing world population, change in lifestyle, and limited natural water and energy resources have made industrial seawater desalination plants the leading contenders for cost-efficient freshwater production. In this study, the integration of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP) with multi-effect distillation (MED) and reverse osmosis (RO) desalination units is investigated through comprehensive conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses. Firstly, the thermodynamic modelling of the CCPP is performed by using a mathematical programming procedure. Then, a mathematical model is developed for the integration of the existing CCPP plant with MED and RO desalination units. Finally, conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, and exergoenvironmental analyses are carried out to assess the main performance parameters of the integrated CCPP and MED-RO desalination system, as well as to identify potential technical, economic, and environmental improvements. A case study is presented based on the Shahid Salimi Neka power plant located at the north of Iran along the Caspian Sea. The mathematical modelling approach for the integrated CCPP and MED-RO desalination system is solved in MATLAB, and the results are validated via Thermoflex software. The results reveal an increase of 3.79% in fuel consumption after the integration of the CCPP with the desalination units. The exergy efficiency of the integrated system is 42.7%, and the highest cost of exergy destruction of the combustion chamber is 1.09 US$ per second. Economic and environmental analyses of the integrated system also show that gas turbines present the highest investment cost of 0.047 US$ per second. At the same time, MED exhibits the highest environmental impact rate of 0.025 points per second.

Exergy and exergoeconomic evaluation of hydrogen and distilled water production via combination of PEM electrolyzer, RO desalination unit and geothermal driven dual fluid ORC

Design of a small mobile PV-driven RO water desalination plant to be deployed at the northwest coast of Egypt

Energy and environmental issues of seawater reverse osmosis desalination considering boron rejection: A comprehensive review and a case study of exergy analysis

Institute of African research and studies, Cairo University

The integration of desalination plants and mineral production

Experimental comparison of the performance of two reverse osmosis desalination units equipped with different energy recovery devices

The surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) has been investigated for aluminum (Al) corrosion inhibition in 0.2-0.4M hydrochloric acid (HCl) employing mass loss (ML), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) techniques. The inhibition efficiency (IE) of SDS was found to be concentration-dependent, with a maximum of 97% at 8mM, which was attributed to the presence of long-chain groups. Notably, the highest inhibition efficiencies were recorded at an inhibitor concentration of 8mM in a 0.2M HCl solution at 303K, achieving 97.76% via the gravimetric method, 97.30% through PDP, and 93.72% using EIS analysis. The temperature variation from 303 to 333K showed that higher SDS concentrations improved the degree of inhibition, whereas higher temperatures reduced the degree of effectiveness. Polarization measurements indicated that SDS exhibited a cathodic inhibition mechanism. A double-layer capacitance (Cdl) was added to an equivalent circuit model for evaluating the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy data. SDS adsorption behaviour followed the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms as well as the kinetic thermodynamic model. SEM (scanning electron microscopy), EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy), and AFM (atomic force microscopy) proved the protective adsorbed layer of the Al surface. Corrosion resistance of aluminum in SDS-acidic environments was investigated using PDP and EIS methods. Experiments utilized a three-electrode system in which only a 1-mm2 area of the aluminum sample was exposed, with measurements carried out in 0.2M HCl solutions (with and without SDS) under controlled conditions, including OCP stabilization, PDP, and EIS with repeated trials to ensure data reliability. The study assessed Al corrosion by measuring weight loss under varying SDS concentrations, immersion times, and temperatures, using precise weighing and standardized calculation methods for inhibition efficiency. Additionally, surface analysis after immersion in corrosive media was carried out using SEM, EDX, and AFM to observe morphological and elemental changes. The Gaussian 09 W software utilizes density functional theory (DFT) for computational studies in this research, applying the B3LYP functional with the 6-311 + + G (d,p) basis set and conducting a natural bond orbital analysis of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in both gas and aqueous environments. To enhance the precision, the polarizable continuum model (PCM) was employed, using water as the solvent. The computational tasks were run on a PC with results visualized through Gaussian View 5.0.9, with a focus on parameters such as the HOMO energy, LUMO energy, band gap, and electrophilicity. For the Monte Carlo (MC) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, Material Studio 7.0 was used to model interactions between the aluminum surface and an inhibitor molecule in corrosion simulations. The simulations were carried out via an Al (1 1 0) model under periodic boundary conditions, with a simulation box containing ions and molecules in a 0.2M HCl solution. Multiple cycles of simulated annealing and MD simulations were performed at temperatures ranging from 303 to 333K, with the COMPASS III force field employed for accurate interaction analysis, including calculating the radial distribution function (RDF).

A theoretical analysis on upgrading desalination plants with low-salt-rejection reverse osmosis

This article shows a climate change mitigation strategy by means of membranes replacement and determination methodology of carbon footprint in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, valid for all the islands, and even isolated territories in the continent. This study takes the case of study of Canary Islands, where there are more than 320 desalination plants with different sizes, private, and public. The objective is to propose a new method which integrates this analysis with the replacement of membranes, from 0% to 20% per year in sea water reverse osmosis desalination plants, to reduce the carbon footprint and ecological footprint. If it is considered a replacement of 20% of the elements per year, the carbon footprint could be reduced to between 5% and 6% and even more if it is introduced low energy consumption membranes instead of high rejection elements. The factor mix in Canary Islands, according to the technological structure of the generation park that uses oil products, is around 0.678 kgCO2/kWh, much higher than in the Spanish mainland where it is 0.263 kgCO2/kWh. Therefore, it is estimated in Canary Islands 5,326,963 t CO2/year can be emitted, which represents 2.4 tCO2/person/year, 12 times more the admissible admissions per inhabitant in the Canary Islands, only considering the seawater desalination sector. This document shows the different results of the analysis of energy efficiency and the environmental footprints. This study may serve as a tool for the decision-making processes related to how to improve energy efficiency in desalination plants.

Experimental investigation of the performance of a reverse osmosis desalination unit under full- and part-load operation