Ameloblastoma Cases in the Mandible: Experience from the Professor Hamady Traoré National Center of Odonto-Stomatology of Bamako

Abstract

Introduction: Mandibular ameloblastoma is the most common benign odontogenic tumour in stomatological and maxillofacial surgery practice. The aim of this work was to study the epidemiological, anatomopathological and therapeutic aspects of mandibular ameloblastoma in our context. Methodology: It was a descriptive cross-sectional study over a 4-year period (January 2017 to December 2020) of cases of mandibular ameloblastoma confirmed by histology of the operative specimen in the stomatology and and maxillofacial surgery department of the CHU-CNOS in Bamako. Data were collected on a survey form, entered and analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 software. Results: There were 44-recorded cases. Males accounted for 61.36% of cases, with an M/F sex ratio of 1.6. The mean age was 33 years, with a standard deviation of 12 years. The 20-40 age bracket was in the majority (52.27%). In 79.55% of cases, patients consulted for swelling with facial deformity. Dental signs such as mobility, displacement or absence were found in 97.72% of cases. Hemi-mandibular location was the most frequent (45.45%). The main histological type was follicular ameloblastoma in 88.64% of cases. Radical surgery with disarticulation was performed in 47.73% of cases. Conclusion: Mandibular ameloblastoma is common in young adults. Radical surgery is the current trend. Reconstructive techniques are still limited in a context of underdevelopment.