Ameliorative effects of piroxicam on perchloric acid-induced thyroid gland hormones disruption in male rats

Abstract

BackgroundThe incidence of goitre has increased world-wide, with African countries responsible for over 28 % of the cases. The danger of perchloric acid among males working in the factories has been on the increase. Hence mitigating effects of piroxicam on perchloric acid-induced thyroid hormones disruption was studied in male Wister albino rats. MethodsA total of 19 rats (17 males; 2 females) that weighed 145.0 ± 20.5 g were used for the.study. Four rats were used for determination of median lethal dose (LD50) of perchloric acid, whereas 15 rats divided into three groups of five each, were used for induction of thyroid hormones disruption, using 100 mg/kg of perchloric acid for a period of two weeks. Thereafter group II and III rats were treated with 2.5 and 5.0 mg/kg of piroxicam, respectively. Three millilitres of blood were collected from all the rats for determination of thyroid hormones, haematological and biochemical parameters. Brain, liver, spleen, lung, kidney and heart were harvested for allometry and histopathology. ResultsFindings have shown that LD50 of perchloric acid was 4207.5 ± 457.6 mg/kg body weight. Piroxicam significantly decreased (p < 0.05) thyroid stimulating hormone, but increased free triiodothyronine and thyroxine respectively. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and monocytes were increased significantly(p < 0.05). Urea, creatinine, haematocrit, erythrocytes, leucocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils, platelets and eosinophils counts were decreased significantly (p < 0.05). Allometric parameters were significantly increased (p < 0.05). Histopathology revealed perivascular cuffs of brain, zenker’s necrosis with mononuclear cells infiltration of myocardium, congestion of central vein of liver, mononuclear cells infiltration of the kidney, lymphoid tissue aggregation of white pulp, congestion and thickness of the lungs were observed in the rats administered piroxicam. ConclusionHence piroxicam ameliorates thyroid hormones disruption, induces liver enzymes, modulates humoral immune system, enhances renal function and decreases allometric parameters of brain, lung and liver, as evidenced by histopathological lessons.