Abstract
In this detailed phytochemical study of Narcissus cv. Professor Einstein, we isolated 23 previously known Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (1–23) of several structural types and one previously undescribed alkaloid, 7-oxonorpluviine. The chemical structures were identified by various spectroscopic methods (GC-MS, LC-MS, 1D, and 2D NMR spectroscopy) and were compared with literature data. Alkaloids which had not previously been isolated and studied for cytotoxicity before and which were obtained in sufficient amounts were assayed for their cytotoxic activity on a panel of human cancer cell lines of different histotype. Above that, MRC-5 human fibroblasts were used as a control noncancerous cell line to determine the general toxicity of the tested compounds. The cytotoxicity of the tested alkaloids was evaluated using the WST-1 metabolic activity assay. The growth of all studied cancer cell lines was inhibited by pancracine (montanine-type alkaloid), with IC50 values which were in the range of 2.20 to 5.15 µM.
Highlights
Plants from the Amaryllidaceae family have been used for centuries in folk medicine due to their therapeutic properties [1]
Professor Einstein resulted in the isolation of 23 known AA (1–23), and a new alkaloid (24)
24 Amaryllidaceae alkaloids of various structural types were isolated from fresh bulbs of Narcissus cv
Summary
Plants from the Amaryllidaceae family have been used for centuries in folk medicine due to their therapeutic properties [1]. Plants from this family contain a distinct and still not fully explored group of alkaloids called Amaryllidaceae alkaloids (AA) They are most well known for their broad spectrum of biological properties such as antitumor [2,3], antimalarial [4], anti-inflammatory [5], antimicrobial [6], and AChE-inhibiting activities [7,8]. The anti-invasive and anti-metastatic effects of some plant alkaloids have been described [13,14] For this reason, substances of natural origin represent a valuable source of potential anticancer drugs; many AAs are very promising anticancer compounds, for example, the widely studied haemanthamine [15] and lycorine [16]. Professor Einstein led us to explore the properties and alkaloid content of this cultivar
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