Abstract
The Humanitarian Islam movement emerged in the wake of the International Summit of Moderate Islamic Leaders (ISOMIL) Nahdlatul Ulama Declaration promulgated in Jakarta in 2016. According to this declaration, “Nahdlatul Ulama offers the insights and experience of Islam Nusantara” which “firmly adheres to, and enlivens, the fundamental teachings and values of Islam, including tawassuṭ, tawāzun, tasāmuḥ and iʿtidāl.” All of these concepts enjoy a high value within Islamic mysticism, which found its way into the Malay culture especially through the teachings of Sufis like Ibn ʿArabī, al-Ġazzālī and Ǧunaid of Baghdad. In particular, the concept of tolerance (tasāmuḥ) and the idea of religious pluralism are undoubtedly deeply rooted and anchored in the tradition and teachings of Ibn ʿArabī and his idea known as waḥdat al-wuǧūd, the “Oneness of Being” or “Unity of Existence.” The following brief study will elaborate on the concept of tasāmuḥ within Islamic mysticism by analysing the thoughts of the prominent Islamic Sufi scholar, Muhyī d-Dīn Ibn ʿArabī, and its influence on Indonesia’s largest traditionalist organisation, Nahdlatul Ulama and the Humanitarian Islam movement.
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