Abstract
The production of aluminum-carbon steel and aluminum-stainless steel clads is challenging, and explosive welding is one of the most suitable processes to achieve them. The present work aims to investigate the coupled effect of two strategies for optimizing the production of these clads by explosive welding: the use of a low-density interlayer and the use of a low-density and low-detonation velocity explosive mixture. A broad range of techniques was used to characterize the microstructural and the mechanical properties of the welds, specifically, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, electron backscatter diffraction, microhardness and tensile-shear testing with digital image correlation analysis. Although aluminum-carbon steel and aluminum-stainless steel have different weldabilities, clads with sound microstructure and good mechanical behavior were achieved for both combinations. These results were associated with the low values of collision point and impact velocities provided by the tested explosive mixture, which made the weldability difference between these combinations less significant. The successful testing of this explosive mixture indicates that it is suitable to be used for welding very thin flyers and/or dissimilar materials that easily form intermetallic phases.
Highlights
The successful production of hybrid welded structures is one of the main targets of the 21st century’s industry
An in-depth experimental characterization was microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron conducted in the welds, using a broad range of techniques, such as optical microscopy, scanning backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness and tensile-shear testing with digital image correlation electron (DIC). microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness and tensile-shear testing with digital image correlation (DIC)
Aluminum to carbon steel and aluminum to stainless steel welded clads were produced by Aluminum toincarbon steel aluminum to stainlessfollowing steel welded clads presented were produced by explosive welding parallel full and overlap joint configuration, the set-up in Figure explosive welding in parallel full overlap joint configuration, following the set-up presented in
Summary
The successful production of hybrid welded structures is one of the main targets of the 21st century’s industry. Among the impact-based technologies, the explosive welding has a prominent position since this process makes it possible to clad extensive areas, which is especially relevant for the naval, railway and automotive sectors For these industries, aluminum and steel are widely used materials, and their welding has an especial interest by enabling the combination of the lightweight of the aluminum alloys with the low cost and the high mechanical strength of the carbon steel or with the corrosion resistance of the stainless steel. Despite the differences in Al-CS and Al-SS weldability, better welding conditions are usually achieved when the detonation and impact velocities used for joining both couples are not high [5] High values of this parameter often lead to welds with poor mechanical properties or even to welding failure, i.e., the separation of the welded plates after the impact [7]. An in-depth experimental characterization was microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron conducted in the welds, using a broad range of techniques, such as optical microscopy, scanning backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness and tensile-shear testing with digital image correlation electron (DIC). microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), microhardness and tensile-shear testing with digital image correlation (DIC)
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