Abstract
The current global conditions provide the pulp mill new opportunities beyond the traditional production of cellulose. Due to stricter environmental regulations, volatility of oil price, energy policies and also the global competitiveness, the challenges for the pulp industry are many. They range from replacing fossil fuels with renewable energy sources to the export of biofuels, chemicals and biomaterials through the implementation of biorefineries. In spite of the enhanced maturity of various bio and thermo-chemical conversion processes, the economic viability becomes an impediment when considering the effective implementation on an industrial scale. In the case of kraft pulp mills, favorable conditions for biofuels production can be created due to the availability of wood residues and generation of black liquor. The objective of this article is to give an overview of the technologies related to the production of alternative biofuels in the kraft pulp mills and discuss their potential and prospects in the present and future scenario.
Highlights
The need to turn away from the fossil fuel era has opened new opportunities for the use of products from renewable resources such as biomass
According to Grace and Malcolm [15], for a 50% yield, about 20% of the original wood is lost due to polysaccharides, primarily hemicelluloses. This leads to the fact that most of the hemicelluloses and almost all the lignin end up in the black liquor
The results show that gasification of biomass for the production of electricity is more economically viable than the production of biofuels
Summary
The need to turn away from the fossil fuel era has opened new opportunities for the use of products from renewable resources such as biomass. It is believed that the use of biomass for energy and fuel production will be limited by maximum production rates and supply of biomass rather than the demand for energy and fuel [1] In this scenario, the pulp mills have a large energy potential because they process a massive amount of lignocellulosic material, which represent the most significant percentage of vegetable biomass and the largest source of organic compounds in the biosphere. The pulp mills have a large energy potential because they process a massive amount of lignocellulosic material, which represent the most significant percentage of vegetable biomass and the largest source of organic compounds in the biosphere They contain varying amounts of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and a minor amount of extractives. In bark and 37% in branches, on a dry weight basis [8]
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