Abstract
BackgroundThe aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii.ResultsTotal 49 significantly different flora and 26 different metabolites were screened between two groups, and the correlation was calculated. Relative abudance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were decreased, while relative abundance of verrucomicrobla, proteobacteria and actinobacteria was increased in breast cancer group. Differentially expressed metabolites were mainly enriched in pathways such as linoleic acid metabolism, retrograde endocannabinoid signaling, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, choline metabolism in cancer and arachidonic acid metabolism. Lipid upregulation was found in breast cancer patients, especially phosphorocholine. The abundance of Faecalibacterium was reduced in breast cancer patients, which was negatively correlated with various phosphorylcholines. Moreover, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, the most well-known species in Faecalibacterium genus, could inhibit the secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and the phosphorylation of Janus kinases 2 (JAK2)/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) in breast cancer cells. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii also suppressed the proliferation and invasion and promoted the apoptosis of breast cancer cells, while these effects disappeared after adding recombinant human IL-6.ConclusionsFlora-metabolites combined with the flora-bacteria (such as Faecalibacterium combined with phosphorocholine) might a new detection method for breast cancer. Faecalibacterium may be helpful for prevention of breast cancer. Faecalibacterium prausnitzii suppresses the growth of breast cancer cells through inhibition of IL-6/STAT3 pathway.
Highlights
The aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
16S rDNA amplicon sequencing analysis Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) analysis and species annotation The down data obtained by sequencing Illumina HiSeq was spliced and quality controlled to obtain Clean Tags, and chimera filtering was performed to obtain effective tags which could be used for subsequent analysis
The growth inhibition of breast cancer cells induced by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii was mediated by IL-6 Here, we studied anti-tumor effect and mechanism of Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in breast cancer cells
Summary
The aim was to evaluate the changes of 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics in breast cancer and explore the growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Faecalibacterium prausnitzii. Breast cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the epithelial tissue of the breast gland [1]. The breast is not an important organ for maintaining human life and in situ breast cancer is not fatal [2]. Since breast cancer cells lose the characteristics of normal cells, the connections between the cells are loose and fall off [3]. Breast cancer has become a common tumor that threatens women’s physical and mental health [4]. Detection and early diagnosis of breast cancer is the key to improve the efficacy [5]. The diagnosis and differential diagnosis of breast cancer should be performed in combination with the patient’s clinical manifestations and medical history, physical examination, imaging examination, histopathology and cytopathology [6]. With the deepening understanding of the biological behavior of breast cancer, as well as the
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