$\alpha$-Jacobi Type Vector Fields in Hyperbolic 3-space with Natural Statistical Structure

In this paper, we have considered surfaces with constant negative Gaussian curvature in the simply isotropic 3-Space by defined Sauer and Strubeckerr. Firstly, we have studied the isotropic II-flat, isotropic minimal and isotropic II-minimal, the constant second Gaussian curvature, and the constant mean curvature of surfaces with constant negative curvature (SCNC) in the simply isotropic 3-space. Surfaces with symmetry are obtained when the mean curvatures are equal. Further, we have investigated the constant Casorati, the tangential and the amalgamatic curvatures of SCNC.

8 - Handmade Structures and Periodicity

Affine quantization is a parallel procedure to canonical quantization, which is ideally suited to deal with non-renormalizable scalar models as well as quantum gravity. The basic applications of this approach lead to the common goals of any quantization, such as Schroedinger’s representation and Schroedinger’s equation. Careful attention is paid toward seeking favored classical variables, which are those that should be promoted to the principal quantum operators. This effort leads toward classical variables that have a constant positive, zero, or negative curvature, which typically characterize such favored variables. This focus leans heavily toward affine variables with a constant negative curvature, which leads to a surprisingly accommodating analysis of non-renormalizable scalar models as well as Einstein’s general relativity.

The work is devoted to the study of the Bianchi transformation for surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature. The surfaces of rotation of constant negative Gaussian curvature are the Minding top, the Minding coil, and the pseudosphere (Beltrami surface). Surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature also include Kuen’s surface and the Dini’s surface. Studying the surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature (pseudospherical surfaces) is of great importance for the interpretation of Lobachevsky planimetry. Geometric characteristics of pseudospherical surfaces are found to be related to the theory of networks, the theory of solitons, nonlinear differential equations, and sin-Gordon equations. The sin-Gordon equation plays an important role in modern physics. Bianchi transformations make it possible to obtain new pseudospherical surfaces from a given pseudospherical surface. The Bianchi transformation for the Kuen’s surface is constructed using a mathematical software package.

The work is devoted to the study of the Bianchi transform for surfac­es of constant negative Gaussian curvature. The surfaces of rotation of constant negative Gaussian curvature are the Mining top, the Minding coil, the pseudosphere (Beltrami surface). Surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature also include Kuens surface and the Dinis surface. The study of surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature (pseudospheri­cal surfaces) is of great importance for the interpretation of Lobachevsky planimetry. The connection of the geometric characteristics of pseudo­spherical surfaces with the theory of networks, with the theory of solitons, with non-linear differential equations and sin-Gordon equations is estab­lished. The sin-Gordon equation plays an important role in modern phys­ics. Bianchi transformations make it possible to obtain new pseudospheri­cal surfaces from a given pseudospherical surface. The Bianchi transform for the Minding coil is constructed. Using a mathematical package, the Minding coil and its Bianchi transform are constructed.

By using the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio model, we study dynamical symmetry breaking in spaces with constant negative curvature. We show that the physical reason for zero value of critical coupling value $g_c = 0$ in these spaces is connected with the effective reduction of dimension of spacetime $1 + D \to 1 + 1$ in the infrared region, which takes place for any dimension $1 + D$. Since the Laplace-Beltrami operator has a gap in spaces with constant negative curvature, such an effective reduction for scalar fields is absent and there are not problems with radiative corrections due to scalar fields. Therefore, dynamical symmetry breaking with the effective reduction of the dimension of spacetime for fermions in the infrared region is consistent with the Mermin-Wagner-Coleman theorem, which forbids spontaneous symmetry breaking in (1 + 1)-dimensional spacetime.

We invest igate the close relationship between minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space and surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 in hyperbolic three-space. Just as in the case of minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-space, the only complete connected embedded surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 with two ends in hyperbolic space are well-understood surfaces of revolution: the catenoid cousins. In contrast to this, we show that, unlike the case of minimal surfacesin Euclidean three-space, there do exist complete connected immersed surfaces of constant mean curvature 1 with two ends in hyperbolic space that are not surfaces of revolution: the genus-one catenoid cousins. These surfaces are of interest because they show that, although minimal surfaces in Euclidean three-spaceand surfacesof constant mean curvature 1 in hyperbolic three-space are intimately related, there are essential differences between these two sets of surfaces. The proof we give of existence of the genus-one catenoid cousins is a mathematically rigorous verification that the results of a computer experiment are sufficiently accurate to imply existence.

We investigate surfaces of constant mean curvature one in the hyperbolic three-space with irregular ends, and prove that their irregular ends must self-intersect, which answers affirmatively a conjecture of Umehara and Yamada. Moreover we also obtain an explicit representation of a constant mean curvature one surface and a new minimal surface in the Euclidean three-space.

We use the method of equivariant differential geometry to prove the existence of a complete hypersurface with constant negative scalar curvature in E n ( n ≥ 4 ) {E^n}(n \geq 4) . This is the first example of a complete hypersurface with constant negative scalar curvature in E n ( n ≥ 4 ) {E^n}(n \geq 4) .

We use the method of equivariant differential geometry to prove the existence of a complete hypersurface with constant negative scalar curvature in EI(n > 4). This is the first example of a complete hypersurface with constant negative scalar curvature in En(n > 4) .

The work is devoted to the study of the Bianchi transform for surfac­es of revolution of constant negative Gaussian curvature. The surfaces of rotation of constant negative Gaussian curvature are the Minding top, the Minding coil, the pseudosphere (Beltrami surface). The study of surfaces of constant negative Gaussian curvature (pseudospherical surfaces) is of great importance for the interpretation of Lobachevsky planimetry. The connection of the geometric characteristics of pseudospherical surfaces with the theory of networks, with the theory of solitons, with nonlinear differential equations and sin-Gordon equations is established. The sin-Gordon equation plays an important role in modern physics. Bianchi transformations make it possible to obtain new pseudospherical surfaces from a given pseudospherical surface. The Bianchi transform for the Minding top is constructed. Using a mathematical package, Minding's top and its Bianchi transform are constructed.

This article is an application of the author’s paper (Kobayashi, Nonlinear d’Alembert formula for discrete pseudospherical surfaces, 2015, [9]) about a construction method for discrete constant negative Gaussian curvature surfaces, the nonlinear d’Alembert formula. The heart of this formula is the Birkhoff decomposition, and we give a simple algorithm for the Birkhoff decomposition in Lemma 3.1. As an application, we draw figures of discrete constant negative Gaussian curvature surfaces given by this method (Figs. 1 and 2).

The purpose of this article is to prove a sharp bound on the number of resonances for the Laplacian on conformally compact manifolds with constant negative curvature near infinity, thus improving the polynomial bound of Guillopé and Zworki (Guillopé, L., Zworski, M. ([1995b]). Polynomial bound on the number of resonances for some complete spaces of constant negative curvature near infinity. Asympt. Anal. 11:1–22).

We study the relationship between the Lyapunov exponents of the geodesic flow of a closed negatively curved manifold and the geometry of the manifold. We show that if each periodic orbit of the geodesic flow has exactly one Lyapunov exponent on the unstable bundle then the manifold has constant negative curvature. We also show under a curvature pinching condition that equality of all Lyapunov exponents with respect to volume on the unstable bundle also implies that the manifold has constant negative curvature. We then study the degree to which one can emulate these rigidity theorems for the hyperbolic spaces of nonconstant negative curvature when the Lyapunov exponents with respect to volume match those of the appropriate symmetric space and obtain rigidity results under additional technical assumptions. The proofs use new results from hyperbolic dynamics including the nonlinear invariance principle of Avila and Viana and the approximation of Lyapunov exponents of invariant measures by Lyapunov exponents associated to periodic orbits which was developed by Kalinin in his proof of the Livsic theorem for matrix cocycles. We also employ rigidity results of Capogna and Pansu on quasiconformal mappings of certain nilpotent Lie groups.

In this work we study vertical graph surfaces invariant by parabolic screw motions with pitch $\ell >0$ and constant Gaussian curvature or constant extrinsic curvature in the product space $\mathbb H^2 \times \mathbb R$. In particular, we determine flat and extrinsically flat graph surfaces in $\mathbb H^2 \times \mathbb R$. We also obtain complete and non-complete vertical graph surfaces in $\mathbb H^2 \times \mathbb R$ with negative constant Gaussian curvature and zero extrinsic curvature.