Abstract
The methanol extracts of nine popular cultivated Vietnamese rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.cv. OM 2395, 5451, 6976, 380, 5930, 4498, 3536, N406, and 7347) were used to explore their allelopathic potential on barnyardgrass (Echinochola crus-galli L.). At 0.1 g mL−1, OM 5930, OM 4498, and OM 6976 correlatively possessed greatest phytotoxicity on barnyardgrass shoot (98.77%, 90.75%, and 87.17%) and root (99.39%, 92.83%, and 86.56%) growth. The following study aimed to detect previously-known allelochemicals in those rice using XCMS online cloud-based metabolomics platform. Twenty allelochemicals were semi-quantified and seven of them were detected predominantly and five was putatively confirmed in OM 5930 (mg/ 100g fresh rice) as salicylic acid (5.0076), vanillic acid (0.1246), p-coumaric acid (0.1590), 2,4-dimethoxybenzoic acid (0.1045), and cinnamic acid (3.3230). These compounds were active at concentrations greater than 0.5 mM and the average EC50 were 1.24 mM. The results indicated that OM 5930 may use as promising candidates in weed biological control for rice production.
Highlights
In Vietnam, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops, accounting for a large proportion of the daily food intake of more than 90 million people
Our results indicate that the nine OM rice cultivars may contain potential allelochemicals extracted by the MeOH solvent and affect the growth and development of barnyardgrass seedlings
Allelopathic activity of MeOH extracts from nine OM rice varieties (2395, 3536, 4498, 5451, 5930, 6976, 7347, N406, and 380) on shoot and root length of barnyardgrass showed that the MeOH extract of OM 5930 posed higher allelopathic activity than others, and this indicated that the OM 5930 may be priority selected for research program on isolating allelochemicals in rice
Summary
In Vietnam, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most important crops, accounting for a large proportion of the daily food intake of more than 90 million people. Due to the crop intensification, an outbreak of pests on rice, including weeds has recently raised concerns. Weeds are intermediary hosts for pathogens and insect pests on rice. Barnyardgrass (Echinochola crus-galli (L.) Beauv.) is the most competitive weed in rice production, resulting in a 70% yield loss from season-long interference [4], the competition of 25 barnyardgrass plants/m2 causes approximately 50% rice yield loss [5]. The sharp decline in rice yield caused by weeds, has led to the increased use of chemical herbicides by farmers due to their high efficiency, low cost, and time saving. Overuse and overdose application of chemical herbicides through the years could be harmful to human health and the environment and may lead to herbicide resistance of weeds
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