Abstract

To evaluate the allelopathic effects of cyanoglucosides on Nemaguard ( Prunus persica x Prunus davidiana ) seedlings, cultivated in 4.5 L polyethylene bags with soil mixture without history of peach crop were treated with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg·L -1 of amygdalin, bitter almond seed extracts, adult Nemaguard root extracts and a combination of the last two treatments. In addition, Nemaguard seedlings were cultivated in allelopathic soil from an old peach orchard cultivated for 50 years and having an amygdalin content of 258,6 mg·L -1 (14,7 mg·L -1 of cyanide). The allelopathic effects were determined by plant height, trunk diameter, total dry matter and root length. The soil residual cyanide content in the soil was determined at the end of the trial. Results showed for all growth parameters analyzed an increasing and detrimental effect according to applied concentrations of amygdalin or plant extracts. A polynomic relationship y = -8·10L -0.7 x 2 + 0.0031x + 0.0546 (R 2 = 0.96) best explained the relation between the concentration (x) of amygdalin and the cyanide residues (y) obtained. Para evaluar los efectos alelopaticos de cianoglucosidos en Prunus , plantulas de durazneros Nemaguard ( Prunus persica x P. davidiana ), mantenidas en bolsas de polietileno de 4,5 L en una mezcla de suelo sin historial de cultivo de duraznero recibieron los siguientes tratamientos alelopaticos, 0, 500, 1.000 y 2.000 mg·L -1 de amigdalina, extractos de semillas de almendro amargo, extracto de raices de Nemaguard adultos y una combinacion de los dosultimos tratamientos. Ademas se incluyo un tratamiento con suelo alelopatico, obtenido de un huerto cultivado por 50 anos con durazneros y caracterizado por presentar 258,6 mg·L -1 de amigdalina (14,7 mg·L -1 de cianuro residual). Los efectos alelopaticos se determinaron por la altura y diametro de las plantulas, por el peso seco total y la longitud radical. Al termino de esta evaluacion se determino la concentracion residual de cianuro en el suelo. De acuerdo con los resultados obtenidos hubo un efecto adverso, estadisticamente significativo, para todos los parametros de crecimiento analizados, creciente de acuerdo a la dosis de amigdalina aplicada y dependiente del extracto vegetales ocupado. Una relacion polinomial y = -8 ·10 -0,7 x 2 + 0,0031x + 0,0546 (R 2 = 0,96) explico la relacion entre la concentracion de amigdalina y el cianuro residual.

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