Abstract
This paper reports the electrical resistivity measurements on KOH-activated ground-granulated blast-furnace slag, which was mixed with deionized water or natural seawater at three different activator-to-binder ratios (0.4, 0.45, and 0.5). Compressive strength and X-ray diffraction analyses were performed on the samples after the measurement. The type of mixing water did not affect the setting time of samples, whereas the setting time was delayed with an increase in activator-to-binder (a/b) ratio. Regardless of the mixing water type, the increasing ratio of electrical resistivity between a/b 0.45 and 0.5 was larger than that between a/b 0.4 and 0.45. For the same a/b ratio, the pastes mixed with seawater produced higher electrical resistivity and early strength than those with deionized water. The increase in the electrical resistivity in seawater-mixed pastes could be attributed to the formation of Cl-bearing phases such as Cl-hydrocalumite, AlOCl, and aluminum chloride hydrate. It is believed that the reaction products in seawater-mixed samples were helpful in preventing water percolation, and thus, the electrical resistivity increased compared with the deionized water-mixed sample.
Highlights
As CO2 is emitted during cement manufacturing process, alkali-activated slag has been considered as an alternative structural binder
This paper reports the results of electrical resistivity measurements on alkali-activated slag, which was mixed with two different types of mixing water and different activator-to-binder ratios
The value of the initial electrical resistivity is established using the spacing of ground-granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS) particles with percolated water, which can reflect the initial microstructure of suspension as the a/b ratio
Summary
As CO2 is emitted during cement manufacturing process, alkali-activated slag has been considered as an alternative structural binder. The alkali-activated slag is generally synthesized by mixing blast furnace slag with alkaline solutions. Blast furnace slag is a steel industrial by-product that is recycled in cement and concrete in many ways [1,2,3]. Regardless of the binder types (cement-based or alkali-activated binder), their hardened states are governed by the properties of their fresh state, as their hydration induces microstructural evolution with water. This phenomenon is accompanied by generating hydration products with decreasing porosity [7]
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