Airwaves Detection and Elimination Using Fast Fourier Transform to Enhance Detection of Hydrocarbon

Abstract

Exploration of hydrocarbons in the sea is particularly expensive because it is best done by supplying a transmitter with a strong current, which is hazardous to the lives of marine life. A steady supply of voltage and current to the transmitter is normally used to determine the strength of electromagnetic waves. The mineral deposition has been detected using different techniques, both offshore and onshore. Detection of minerals by employing a controlled source electromagnetics (CSEM) has recently proved to be extremely effective with yielding promising results. Due to noise, both the transmitted and received signals may differ. The signal received from the subsurface in marine settings is generally limited by a variety of noise. The frequency spectrum of frequency signals and wave-forms change when they interact with physical objects. Understanding how the frequency spectrum is altered allows us to examine how the signal and wave-forms change. To accurately evaluate and eradicate these noises, they must be researched and taken into consideration. One of the most challenging problems employing Marine CSEM (MCSEM) in the detection of hydrocarbon is airwaves. When an electromagnetic (EM) is passed over a conductive surface, the affected signal is frequently influenced by the resistive body with high resistivity distribution. The signal is recorded by some electromagnetic (EM) fields scattered by subsurface with electric and magnetic sensors. Furthermore, the signal recorded is noise, often known as airwaves. This, however, occurs in shallow water. Hence, this work proposes to use Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) to detect and remove the noise from the transmitted signal to reduce misinterpretation in the exploration of hydrocarbon in shallow water environments. Moreover, the simulated results obtained from the CST EM studio shows that when an EM signal is subjected to FFT, airwaves can be detected and removed, which enhances and reduces the uncertainty in the deposition of the hydrocarbon layer in a shallow water environment.