Abstract

云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统是全球重要农业文化遗产保护试点之一。随着现代农业和旅游业的大力发展, 哈尼梯田系统的保护受到诸多威胁, 尤其是在农业生产方面。本文以位于云南红河哈尼稻作梯田系统核心区域的红河县甲寅乡原生态保存最好的作夫村和受现代信息影响较大的咪田村为例, 基于实地考察和入户问卷调查方式, 对该地区的农业种植模式、管理情况等进行了分析和比较。结果显示: (1)作夫村和咪田村的水田种植面积约占一半, 作夫村以种植传统水稻为主, 咪田村以种植杂交水稻为主。(2)两个村化肥的使用强度属中等偏下水平, 这与当地独特的生态环境和独特的冲肥管理有一定的关系; 约30%的农户施用有机肥, 作物秸秆还田强度较小。(3)作夫村和咪田村农药使用量在正常农业活动范围之内; 除草剂的施用差别较大, 这与其种植结构有一定的关系, 传统种植模式下多样性的生物结构有抑制杂草生长的功能。同时, 作夫村劳动力相对充足, 人工除草也减少了对除草剂的依赖。哈尼梯田地区存在劳动力流失、传统水稻种植面积减少、化肥农药用量增加等问题, 需要引起当地管理者的重视, 采取有效措施, 促进哈尼梯田的保护和当地农业的可持续发展。

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