Agreement Between a Single-Item Burnout Screen and the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory in a Sample of University Faculty

Burnout during residency education is a phenomenon which requires careful study. A single item for measuring burnout shows promise for its brevity and concordance with the most commonly used measure of burnout, the Maslach Burnout Inventory, but has not been compared to the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. We compared the single-item measure of burnout question to the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory to assess the convergence between these two measures of burnout. Family Medicine residents (n = 32) from three residency programs completed the single-item measure of burnout question and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. We compared the single-item measure of burnout measure to the three scales of the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory. Our analyses indicated that the single item measure is highly correlated with personal burnout (r = .76), moderately correlated with patient burnout (r = .58), and not correlated with work burnout (r = .18). Because the single-item measure of burnout is particularly useful for identifying personal burnout, it may help to identify early signs of burnout amount physicians in training.

Objective It is essential to measure the effect of burnout on doctors because burnout can affect doctors’ mental health as well as the functioning of medical practice. This study aims to validate a Korean version of the single-item burnout measure (SIBM), which was developed to quickly measure the level of burnout among doctors.Methods Through an online survey, a self-report questionnaire was administered to 324 public health doctors in Korea. The Korean version of the SIBM was validated against the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) screening tool, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Vaccination Attitudes Examination (VAX) scale. Pearson correlation coefficients and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to determine the association between the SIBM and other scales. ANOVA was additionally used to determine the associations between the subscales of the MBI-GS and those of the SIBM.Results The correlation coefficient between the SIBM and the MBI-GS, PHQ-9, GAD-7, and PSS was positive (p<0.01), and the correlation coefficient between the SIBM and the VAX scale was not significant. Therefore, convergent and discriminant validity was verified. Exhaustion and cynicism, which were correlated with the SIBM, with r2=0.43 (p<0.01) and 0.48 (p<0.01), yielded R2 scores of 0.27 (p<0.01) and 0.20 (p<0.01) in ANOVA.Conclusion The Korean version of the SIBM is an appropriate screening tool for burnout. It can be evaluated in a short time, thereby enhancing continuous follow-up observations and response rates to burnout.

Burnout is a significant problem faced by professionals in the healthcare setting, and yet there is a lack of validated screening tools in the Spanish context. The present study examined the psychometric properties of a single-item measure of burnout (SIB) within a sample of 675 health professionals working at five centres in Spain, with the brief burnout questionnaire (BBQ) providing the main comparison measure. Predictive validity was acceptable, with high positive correlations between SIB, overall BBQ and the three BBQ dimensions. Construct validity, examined using confirmatory factor analysis, found that the SIB sufficiently covered the components of the three factors of burnout described by the BBQ and the components of the three dimensions of the burnout syndrome factor. Convergent validity was confirmed through significant negative correlations between SIB and good perceived health and job satisfaction. Acceptable cut-points were established. The Spanish-language SIB provides an acceptable and sensitive screening measure of burnout for use with health professionals.

BackgroundBurnout is endemic in surgeons in the UK and linked with poor patient safety and quality of care, mental health problems, and workforce sustainability. Mechanisms are required to facilitate the efficient identification of burnout in this population. Multi-item measures of burnout may be unsuitable for this purpose owing to assessment burden, expertise required for analysis, and cost.AimsTo determine whether surgeons in the UK reporting burnout on the 22-item Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) can be reliably identified by a single-item measure of burnout.MethodsConsultant (n = 333) and trainee (n = 217) surgeons completed the MBI and a single-item measure of burnout. We applied tests of discriminatory power to assess whether a report of high burnout on the single-item measure correctly classified MBI cases and non-cases.Results The single-item measure demonstrated high discriminatory power on the emotional exhaustion burnout domain: the area under the curve was excellent for consultants and trainees (0.86 and 0.80), indicating high sensitivity and specificity. On the depersonalisation domain, discrimination was acceptable for consultants (0.76) and poor for trainees (0.69). In contrast, discrimination was acceptable for trainees (0.71) and poor for consultants (0.62) on the personal accomplishment domain.ConclusionsA single-item measure of burnout is suitable for the efficient assessment of emotional exhaustion in consultant and trainee surgeons in the UK. Administered regularly, such a measure would facilitate the early identification of at-risk surgeons and swift intervention, as well as the monitoring of group-level temporal trends to inform resource allocation to coincide with peak periods.

Background: There is evidence of high rates of occupational burnout across many health practitioner groups. However, most measures used to assess burnout are lengthy, time consuming to administer, or difficult to interpret. Hence there is a need for the development and assessment of a short easily administered burnout measure for use in research and human resource contexts. Objectives: To assess the psychometric performance of a single item burnout measure (SIB) and its association with salient outcome measures in a sample of general practitioners. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study collected survey data from 92 general practitioners practising in the Northern Rivers region of NSW, Australia. SIB scores were compared with maslach burnout inventory-emotional exhaustion (MBI-EE) scores and examined for association with early retirement intentions, psychological distress and general health. Sensitivity analyses were calculated using the MBI-EE subscale as the reference standard. Results: SIB scores were highly and positively correlated with MBI-EE scores (r = 0.8, P < 0.0001) and significantly associated with all outcome measures. A cut-off score of 5 on the SIB yielded a Kappa of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.90), sensitivity of 79% (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.95), specificity of 87% (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.95), positive predictive value of 68%, and negative predictive value of 92%. Conclusions: The results of this study indicates that the single item burnout measure has potential as a brief, sensitive screening measure of burnout due to its brevity, ease of administration and sound psychometric properties and needs to be validated further in larger studies and with other professional groups.

Background: There is evidence of high rates of occupational burnout across many health practitioner groups. However, most measures used to assess burnout are lengthy, time consuming to administer, or difficult to interpret. Hence there is a need for the development and assessment of a short easily administered burnout measure for use in research and human resource contexts. Objectives: To assess the psychometric performance of a single item burnout measure (SIB) and its association with salient outcome measures in a sample of general practitioners. Patients and Methods: This cross sectional study collected survey data from 92 general practitioners practising in the Northern Rivers region of NSW, Australia. SIB scores were compared with maslach burnout inventory-emotional exhaustion (MBI-EE) scores and examined for association with early retirement intentions, psychological distress and general health. Sensitivity analyses were calculated using the MBI-EE subscale as the reference standard. Results: SIB scores were highly and positively correlated with MBI-EE scores (r = 0.8, P < 0.0001) and significantly associated with all outcome measures. A cut-off score of 5 on the SIB yielded a Kappa of 0.70 (95% CI: 0.49 to 0.90), sensitivity of 79% (95% CI: 0.63 to 0.95), specificity of 87% (95% CI: 0.79 to 0.95), positive predictive value of 68%, and negative predictive value of 92%. Conclusions: The results of this study indicates that the single item burnout measure has potential as a brief, sensitive screening measure of burnout due to its brevity, ease of administration and sound psychometric properties and needs to be validated further in larger studies and with other professional groups.

Objectives:Burnout is an impactful and highly prevalent concern within healthcare systems. Identifying a valid, accessible measure of this occupational phenomenon is crucial to its identification, intervention, and evaluation. The objective of this study was to compare a newly developed, positively phrased, burnout question to the Mini-Z single-item emotional exhaustion and a single-item depersonalization item.Methods:Using cross-sectional survey data from four rural hospitals in the United States Mountain West (n = 457), we utilized Cohen’s kappa statistics, intraclass correlation coefficients, and Bland–Altman plots to assess agreement for dichotomous and continuous versions of the new, single-item burnout measure with the gold standard emotional exhaustion and depersonalization single items.Results:Based on the new Utah single-item measure, the prevalence of burnout was 30.4%; however, it was 39.4% and 19.3% as measured by emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, respectively. Our analysis demonstrated a substantial level of agreement with the Mini-Z single-item emotional exhaustion (Cohen’s kappa: 0.61; intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.64) and a fair level of agreement with the single-item depersonalization (Cohen’s kappa: 0.36; intraclass correlation coefficient: 0.49).Conclusions:Burnout can be easily, quickly, and routinely screened among healthcare professionals. Further, when medical professionals are regularly assessed for increased burnout, proactive team and system-level steps can be implemented to prevent burnout from occurring or worsening. Our findings suggest initial validation of a new, positively phrased single-item burnout measure, showing substantial agreement with the widely used Mini-Z emotional exhaustion item.

Burnout assessment among pharmacist-academic detailers at the US Veterans Health Administration

BackgroundInsomnia is defined as poor quantity or quality of sleep resulting in impaired daytime functioning and distress. Insomnia has been found to occur at higher rates in health care workers and has been associated with physiological dysfunction, illness and distress as well as many socio-demographic and lifestyle-related factors.AimThis study aims to establish the burden of insomnia and its associated socio-demographic, lifestyle and occupation-related factors among nurses.SettingNurses employed in the public sector in Kwazulu-Natal Province South Africa comprised the study group. A cross-sectional descriptive online survey was conducted.MethodsNurses were invited to participate in an online survey from September to December 2023. The survey comprised a socio-demographic questionnaire and three instruments: the Sleep Condition Indicator, the Single Item Measure of Burnout and the Sleep-Hygiene Index (SHI).ResultsOf the 235 participants surveyed, 41.7% screened positive for insomnia and had significantly lower frequencies of good sleep-hygiene practices on the SHI. After controlling for socio-demographic, clinical and work-related covariates, a psychiatric history adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 5.52; CI:1.06–28.66) and poor sleep hygiene (aOR: 1.07; CI: 1.02–1.13) displayed significant association with insomnia. All levels of work-related stress were significantly associated with insomnia (p < 0.01), with total burnout having a 10.3-fold increased association.ConclusionThe study highlights the concerning burden of insomnia and its association with burnout, poor sleep hygiene and a psychiatric comorbidity, among nurses.ContributionGiven that the risk factors associated with insomnia identified in our study (i.e. poor sleep hygiene, burnout and psychiatric illness) are all potentially modifiable, our findings may serve as a reference for future health-promotion initiatives, aimed at health care professionals, such as health education, screening and mindfulness and wellness programmes.

BackgroundBurnout has important clinical and professional implications among health care workers, with high levels of burnout documented in oncology staff. The aim of this study was to ascertain how well a brief single-item measure could be used to screen for burnout in the Australian oncology workforce.MethodsDuring 2007, 1322 members of the Clinical Oncological Society of Australia were invited to participate in a cross-sectional nationwide survey; 740 (56%) of eligible members consented and completed the survey. Data from the 638 consenting members who reported that their work involved direct patient contact were included in the secondary analyses reported in this paper. Burnout was assessed using the MBI Human Services Survey Emotional Exhaustion sub-scale and a single-item self-defined burnout scale.ResultsEmotional exhaustion was "high" in 33% of the sample when assessed by the psychometrically validated MBI. The single-item burnout measure identified 28% of the sample who classified themselves as "definitely burning out", "having persistent symptoms of burnout", or "completely burned out". MBI Emotional Exhaustion was significantly correlated with the single-item burnout measure (r = 0.68, p < 0.0001) and an ANOVA yielded an R2 of 0.5 (p < 0.0001).ConclusionsThe moderate to high correlation between the single-item self-defined burnout measure and the emotional exhaustion component of burnout suggest that this single item can effectively screen for burnout in health care settings which are time-poor for assessing burnout more comprehensively.

Our study aimed to develop and validate a tool to measure workplace gaslighting: the Gaslighting at Work Scale (GWS). Mean age of our sample (n = 400) was 38.9 years, while 82.5% were females and 51.7% have been working in the public sector. We examined content validity, face validity, construct validity, concurrent validity and reliability of the GWS through several analyses, such as calculation of content validity ratio and item-level face validity index, item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, correlation analysis, and calculation of Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s Omega, Cohen’s kappa and intraclass correlation coefficient. We identified a two-factor structure for the GWS with 11 items: loss of self-trust and abuse of power. Concurrent validity of the GWS was excellent since we found significant correlations between GWS, Patient Health Questionnaire-4, Quiet Quitting Scale, Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-3, and Single Item Burnout measure. The reliability of the GWS was excellent since Cronbach’s alpha and McDonald’s Omega was 0.939 and 0.940, respectively. In test-retest study, intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.997. In conclusion, the GWS is a valid, short and easy-to-use tool that measures gaslighting behaviors of supervisors. Valid identification of harmful supervisor behaviors is crucial to promote subordinates’ mental health and work productivity.

Occupational Burnout (OB) is currently measured through several Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs) and some of them have become widely used in occupational health research and practice. We, therefore, aimed to review and grade the psychometric validity of the five OB PROMs considered as valid for OB measure in mental health professionals (the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), the Pines' Burnout Measure (BM), the Psychologist Burnout Inventory (PBI), the OLdenburg Burnout Inventory (OLBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI)). We conducted systematic literature searches in MEDLINE, PsycINFO and EMBASE databases. We reviewed studies published between January 1980 and September 2018 following a methodological framework, in which each step of PROM validation, the reference method, analytical technics and result interpretation criteria were assessed. Using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments we evaluated the risk of bias in studies assessing content and criterion validity, structural validity, internal consistency, reliability, measurement error, hypotheses testing and responsiveness of each PROM. Finally, we assessed the level of evidence for the validity of each PROM using the GRADE approach. We identified 6541 studies, 19 of which were included for review. Fifteen studies dealt with MBI whereas BM, PBI, OLBI and CBI were each examined in only one study. OLBI had the most complete validation, followed by CBI, MBI, BM and PBI, respectively. When examining the result interpretation correctness, the strongest disagreement was observed for MBI (27% of results), BM (25%) and CBI (17%). There was no disagreement regarding PBI and OLBI. For OLBI and CBI, the quality of evidence for sufficient content validity, the crucial psychometric property, was moderate; for MBI, BM and PBI, it was very low. To be validly and reliably used in medical research and practice, PROM should exhibit robust psychometric properties. Among the five PROMs reviewed, CBI and, to a lesser extent, OLBI meet this prerequisite. The cross-cultural validity of these PROMs was beyond the scope of our work and should be addressed in the future. Moreover, the development of a diagnostic standard for OB would be helpful to assess the sensitivity and specificity of the PROMs and further reexamine their validity.The study protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42019124621).

Burnout at a tertiary eye care center significantly higher after the start of COVID-19

There is increasing recognition of the importance of intrinsic motivation, team dynamics, and burnout in multidisciplinary teams striving to achieve the Quadruple Aim. To assess self-rated team climate, intrinsic motivation, and burnout of a multidisciplinary team at an urgent primary care center and to explore potential relationships between the concepts. A scoping review of the English-language literature was conducted to identify any validated team climate, intrinsic motivation, and burnout measurement tools. The Team Climate Inventory Short Form and a single-item measure of burnout were chosen because of their validity, appropriateness to the study setting, and practicality. Daniel Pink's concept of motivation was operationalized into a novel, 13-question survey tool. The face validity of the motivation questions was assessed by various clinicians. The online survey was administered to a 38-member multidisciplinary team working at an urgent primary care center in Vancouver, Canada. Scores for team climate, motivation, and burnout were assessed, along with the tool's internal consistency. The survey findings (33 responses) indicate a relatively high-performing multidisciplinary team, with high scores in all categories related to team climate and intrinsic motivation. Only 8% of 25 respondents met the threshold level of burnout, with no respondents indicating severe or complete burnout. Reliability analysis produced α coefficients of 0.956 and 0.945 for team climate and intrinsic motivation, respectively, indicating satisfactory reliability. The burnout ratings align with the scores for team climate and intrinsic motivation. The study findings suggest that the clinic's current approach to leadership and management has been effective in promoting a healthy team and work environment. The small sample size does not permit statistical inferences without further testing and validation. Further exploration is warranted of various structural, organizational, system-level, and environmental factors that affect the survey's results. The study fills a gap in the health services research literature pertaining to the performance of multidisciplinary teams.

Emotional intelligence can improve nurses' interpersonal and coping skills, job performance, and resilience. However, there is a dearth in the literature on whether emotional intelligence affects levels of quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout in nurses. We examined the relationship between emotional intelligence, quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout. We conducted a cross-sectional study in Greece with a convenience sample of 992 nurses. We used the following valid tools to measure our study variables: the Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire-Short Form, the Quiet Quitting Scale, and the single item burnout measure. The mean age of our nurses was 42.2 years. After controlling for gender, age, work experience, shift work, and understaffed department, the multivariable linear regression models indicated significant negative relationships between emotional intelligence and quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout. Specifically, self-control reduced detachment, lack of motivation, job burnout, and turnover intention. Moreover, emotionality reduced detachment, lack of motivation, and lack of initiative. Sociability reduced lack of initiative and lack of motivation, while well-being reduced lack of motivation, job burnout, and turnover intention. Emotional intelligence reduced quiet quitting, turnover intention, and job burnout in nurses. Therefore, nurse managers and policy-makers should apply interventions to optimize the emotional intelligence profiles of nurses.