Abstract
The existence of multipotent adipose-derived stem cells isolated from human orbital fat (OF) tissue has shown great therapeutic potential in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. But the use of stem cells for therapeutic applications is influenced by their proliferative and differentiation potentials, which may be affected by the age of the donor. So far there is little knowledge about the effects of donor age on the biological properties of human orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs). The intraorbital fat protrusion in the lower eyelids occurs as an aging process, and the protruded fat is routinely removed during aesthetic surgeries. Based on the ease of OF harvest and the availability of OASCs, we investigated in this study the relationship between age and the differentiation and proliferation potentials of human OASCs. Human orbital adipose samples were harvested from young (with normal lower eyelid appearance) and old donors (having protruded fat pads in the lower eyelids). The morphological properties of orbital adipocytes were assessed and the fat cell size displayed a decreasing trend with advancing age. OASCs were isolated from the fat samples, expanded in vitro and cultured under appropriate inducive conditions. Compared to the young cells, although no difference was found in the cell yield and phenotype expression, aged OASCs showed fewer progenitor cell numbers, reduced proliferative rates, increased senescent features and decreased differentiation potentials towards adipogenic, osteogenic and chondrogenic lineages. Our data suggested that using autologous OASCs from elderly patients for potential therapeutic purposes might be restricted.
Highlights
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a population of postnatal progenitor cells existing abundantly in adipose tissue, which can expand rapidly in vitro, possess multilineage differentiation potentials and remain stable over long-term culture [1,2]
The calcium deposition in cells was semi-quantitatively measured using a colorimetric assay of the solubilized Alizarin red stain, and the results showed a negative effect of donor age on the osteogenic potential of orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) (0.78 ± 0.23 vs. 0.45 ± 0.09 OD units for the induced cell comparison, p < 0.01) (Fig 6D)
We found that the fibrous septum surrounding orbital fat (OF) lobules became looser and the adipocytes appeared smaller in the old-donor group than those in the young group (Fig 2D)
Summary
Adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) are a population of postnatal progenitor cells existing abundantly in adipose tissue, which can expand rapidly in vitro, possess multilineage differentiation potentials and remain stable over long-term culture [1,2]. Age Influence on the Orbital Adipose-Derived Stem Cells dental pulp, the advantages of ASCs include the large quantities of fat tissue, minimal patient discomfort, little donor-site morbidity and ease of cell isolation [3,4]. The human body can be segmented into various depots of fatty tissue based on the anatomic region [5]. These depots vary in the amount of adipose tissue and may produce ASCs with different biological characteristics. The existence of human orbital adipose-derived stem cells (OASCs) has been proven. In addition to differentiating into adipocytes, chondrocytes and osteoblasts, these cells can differentiate towards the corneal epithelial, smooth muscle and neuronal lineages under specific inductive conditions, showing great therapeutic potential in treating the orbital and ocular diseases [6,7,8,9]
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