Abstract
The main objective of this paper is to empirically examine the effects of two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degree of tacit and explicit knowledge on two dimensions of performance: corporate and human resource performances. Using the quantitative analytical approach, the theoretical model and hypotheses in this study were tested based on empirical data gathered from 128 joint venture companies registered with the Registrar of Companies of Malaysia (ROC). Data obtained from the survey questionnaires were analyzed using the correlation coefficients and multiple linear regressions. The results revealed that degree of tacit knowledge, as a distinct dimension of degree of technology transfer, has a significant effect on both corporate and human resource performances; where its effect was much stronger on corporate performance. Similarly, degree of explicit knowledge has shown consistent strong significant effects on both corporate and human resource performance; where its effect on human resource performance was found much stronger than corporate performance. The study has bridged the literature gaps in such that it offers empirical evidence on the effects of two distinct degrees of technology transfer: degrees of tacit and explicit knowledge on two dimensions of performance: corporate and human resource performances in IJVs.
Highlights
A review of literature reveals that most of empirical studies on inter-firm technology and knowledge transfer in strategic alliance international joint ventures (IJVs) are limiting their focus on the performance of the IJVs
This R2 means that 45.9% of the variance in the corporate performance (CPERF) is explained by TTDEG scores and JVAGE
Model 2 shows the results after the product term (TTDEG*JVAGE) was included in the equation
Summary
A review of literature reveals that most of empirical studies on inter-firm technology and knowledge transfer in strategic alliance IJVs are limiting their focus on the performance of the IJVs (for example Lyles and Salk, 1996; Lane et al, 2001; Tsang et al, 2004; Dhanaraj et al, 2004; Steensma and Lyles, 2000). Due to lack of resource capacities such as weak research and development (R & D) base, limited investment in R&D, production and manufacturing capability, weak infrastructure and technological disadvantage (Lado and Vozikis, 1996; Tepstra and David, 1985), Malaysia like other developing countries, mainly depends on FDIs from the multinational corporations (MNCs) as its primary source of technology to enhance the technological capabilities and competitiveness of local industries (Lee and Tan, 2006). The technology transfer, knowledge transfer (KT) and strategic alliance literature have extensively examined the relationships between 1) knowledge attributes, source and recipient and KT success (Cummings et al, 2003), 2) knowledge seekers, knowledge holder and contextual factors and know-how acquisition (Hau and Evangelista, 2007), 3) IJVs characteristics and knowledge acquisition (Lyles and Salk, 1996), 4) knowledge actors’ interaction and KT (Bresman et al, 1999), 5) organization motivation, learning capacity, learning hindrance and KT (Simonin, 2004), 6) absorptive capacity and knowledge learned from foreign firm (Lane et al, 2001), 7) the IJV characteristics and knowledge acquisition (Tsang et al, 2004), 8) knowledge antecedents, ambiguity and knowledge transfer (Simonin, 1999a), 9) learning intent, management control and managerial knowledge acquisition (Lin, 2005), 10) relational embeddedness and tacit/explicit knowledge acquisition (Dhanaraj et al, 2004) , 11) overseeing effort, management involvement and knowledge acquisition (Tsang et al, 2004), 12) the supplier and recipient factors and tacit knowledge acquisition (Yin and Bao, 2006), and 13) relation-specific determinants, knowledge specific determinants and degree of knowledge transfer (Pak and Park, 2004)
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