Age-gender structure of Yugoslav population in Vojvodina province

The analysis of influence of social-economic factors is important in the analysis of demographic development of population in Vojvodina Province. The development of each society is significantly implied with interaction of demographic and social-economic factors. In the paper the relevant indicators of demographic development of population in Vojvodina are explored. The combined data from population census and yearly published data related to communes and districts of Vojvodina were used. The estimated empirical regression models based on chosen variables, ought to illustrate the reached level of demographic development in Vojvodina Province. The relations of the following variables are analyzed: the total number of inhabitants, the number of active persons, the number of agriculturists per 100 population, the rate of employment, national income, rates of natural increase, birth and mortality etc. The authors expect that the obtained results will contribute to explain the questions concerned with the development of Vojvodina. Province.

BACKGROUND: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is most common soft tissue sarcoma occurring in late adult life, most in the extremities and in the retroperitoneum, usually developing in deep fascia or skeletal muscle. Because of the aggressive nature of the tumor early and complete surgical removal is indicated. The overall survival rate of patients with malignant fibrous histiocytoma ranges from 36% to 58% at 5 years. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma in Vojvodina is still rare malignancy either in incidence or in mortality in both sexes. The population of Vojvodina is about 2 100 000. METHODS: We used a descriptive epidemiological method to analyze incidence and mortality from malignant fibrous histiocytoma in Vojvodina. This study is based on the Cancer Registry data for the ten-year period from 1993 to 2002. RESULTS: During the observed period 37 cases of malignant fibrous histiocytoma were reported (19 men and 18 women). The average age of patients was 50 years. The body site distribution differed between sexes and malignant fibrous histiocytoma was more common on the trunk (retroperitoneum) in men and on the lower limbs in women. The average annual incidence rate for the observed period was 1.82 per 1 000 000 for both sexes. The incidence rate changed irregularly over the observed period with the peak of 9 cases (4.55 per 1 000 000) in 2001. The overall linear trends of incidence and of mortality showed a slight increasing tendency in both sexes, but not significantly. Concerning mortality, the similar patterns were noticed. The mortality rate was 0.83 per 1 000 000. CONCLUSION: According to epidemiological data we obtained it can be concluded that Province of Vojvodina is not a region with an important risk for malignant fibrous histiocytoma; however, the increase of incidence appearing in both men and women should be taken into account very seriously in future.

The territorial and gender differences of the transformational process in the age structure of the Ukrainian population during the 20-years’ period are analyzed in the article. The key factors and tendencies in age structure in various regions are determined. The comparative analysis of its changes among urban and country-side population is performed. The general tendency characterizing the age structure of the urban and country-side population of Ukraine is pointed out – that is the decrease in the share of the younger than active work force, and the increase in the share of the senior citizens. In the present-day structure of the urban population every fourth citizen represents the 60+ age group. The differences in the degree and intensity of aging of the rural and urban population are shown. The index of aging among urban population is much higher and makes 175,6% against 146,9% on the rural territory. The intensification of the process of demographic aging by gender is proven. In 2021, in the total number of population of Ukraine the share of men in the 60+ age group was 36,1%, while the share of women of the same age group was 63,9%. In the years 2001- 2021, the share of women at post-workable age grew to 29,5% of the total number of female population, and that of men grew to 19,3% of the total number of male population. The growth in the share of women and men at post-workable age in the urban area and its decline in the rural area are indicated. Interregional differences in the transformational process in the age structure of the Ukrainian population are defined. The smallest share of the citizens in post-workable age is observed in Volyn, Rivne, and Transcarpathean regions. The biggest share of the citizens in post-workable age is observed in Luhansk, Donetsk, Chernihiv, Sumy, Cherkasy, Zaporizhzhia, Kirovohrad, and Poltava regions. The chare of the workable age citizens is growing in 22 administrative units of Ukraine. The consequences of the transformation in the age structure of population are evaluated. The hypothesis has been proven that the age structure changes are correlated with the share of women at reproductive age, and demographic load. The decrease in the share of workable population was caused by the decrease in the share of women at reproductive age from 48,4% to 43,4%. In the years 2000 – 2021 the demographic load on the workable population grew mainly due to the older age group population (in 2021 the demographic load difference between children and the retired was 148 people). The demographic load on the workable population is 7,8% higher in the rural area than in the urban. The attention is drawn to the necessity of taking into consideration territorial peculiarities in the process of transformation in the population age structure when substantiating national programs and measures of active demographic policy. The regions of Ukraine characterized by low economic development are facing the biggest hardships in the adaptation process towards the changes of population age structure. Key words: transformation in the age structure of population, urban and rural population, demographic aging, demographic load.

Protection of agro-industry in emergency situations is of vital importance for economic and social development of a country. This paper is therefore created with a view of assessing the degree of resilience of economic entities within agro-industrial sector in the Autonomous Province (AP) of Vojvodina and partially in the Republic of Serbia in emergency situations, so that measures to increase their competitiveness could be undertaken. The methods adequate for social sciences were used: positive law method, logical induction and deduction, multidisciplinary approach, as well as statistical method. The research established that the economic entities mainly have their own fre rescue and procedure plans, but not emergency action plans. Special fnancial assets have not been allocated for that purpose either. Businessmen are not acquainted with the existence of ISO 22301:2012 standard, which may be exceptionally useful in solving this problem. The degree of resilience of economic entities in the AP of Vojvodina in emergency situations is 64.2%. It is necessary in the forthcoming period to improve the implementation of regulations, particularly in the feld of emergency action plans, but also the possibilities to implement ISO 22301:2012 standard.

Aim – The main aim of the study is to determine the dynamics of the ageing process of the Polish population and to present a forecast of population ageing based on comprehensive analysis of the age structure of this population. The separated components of this structure are biological age groups: 0–14, 15–64, 65 years and more. The time period of the research comprises the years 1950–2016, while the population forecast by age is presented for 2020 and 2050. The elaboration includes data from GUS. Research methodology – In assessing the level of the ageing of Polish society there were used, among others, the old age index, old age coefficient, a measure of the similarity of structures, a measure of the structural change intensity, and the median age. Score – In the years 1950–2016 in Poland there were observed changes in the age structure of the population in age groups: 0–14 years old, 15–64 years old, 65 years old and more, including a steady trend in the percentage of people in the age group 0–14 years old and a steady upward trend in the percentage of people aged 65 and over, a strong upward trend in the old age index, and a strong tendency of increase in the post-working age dependency ratio. The Central Statistical Office’s (GUS) forecasts indicate that the population ageing measured by changes in the age structure of the population and the shifting of the median age which are taking place in Poland in a dynamic manner, will continue with increased intensity over the next decades. Originality/value – The added value of the work is the use of the similarity of structures and the intensity of structure changes, which together with an approach based on classical indicators allowed for a comprehensive analysis of the age structure of the Polish population in dynamic terms, determining the quantitative nature of changes in the age structure over time, the direction of these changes and their intensity. It was also pointed out that in light of the ongoing demographic transformations, the concept of silver economy understood as an economic system aimed at using the potential of the elderly and taking into account their needs is becoming a priority.

BackgroundMonitoring changes of seroprevalence over time is important at the beginning and during of COVID-19 outbreak to anticipate its dynamics and plan an adequate public health response.MethodsWe conducted a repeated cross-sectional investigation among asymptomatic outpatient subjects and covered 0.1% of total population of Northern Serbia (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina). Each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an immunochromatographic qualitative test (point-of-care rapid test). In the last round of survey IgG antibodies targeting the S1 subunit of the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus were assessed.ResultsDuring the four rounds of survey (between the end of April and the end of September), anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivities based on immunochromatographic test results were 2.60% (95% CI 1.80–3.63), 3.93% (95% CI 2.85–5.28), 6.11% (95% CI 4.72–7.77) and 14.60% (95% 12.51–16.89), respectively. After adjusting with results obtained from the Line immunoassay test, the estimated overall seroprevalence increased to 16.67% (95% CI 14.45–19.08) corresponding to 322,033 infections in total by the end of September 2020 in Vojvodina’s population. Throughout the course of the study, for every RT-PCR confirmed case of COVID-19, there were 39–87 additional infections in Vojvodina. No significant difference (p>0.05) in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity regarding gender and between age subgroups was observed over the course of the survey.ConclusionsThe population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies implies much more widespread infection in Vojvodina than indicated by the number of confirmed cases. However, our results suggest that the population of Vojvodina has not reached a desirable level of protection from SARS-CoV-2 virus by the end of September 2020.

Monitoring changes of seroprevalence over time is important at the beginning and during of COVID-19 outbreak to anticipate its dynamics and plan an adequate public health response. We conducted a repeated cross-sectional investigation among asymptomatic outpatient subjects and covered 0.1% of total population of Northern Serbia (Autonomous Province of Vojvodina). Each participant was tested for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies using an immunochromatographic qualitative test (point-of-care rapid test). In the last round of survey IgG antibodies targeting the S1 subunit of the spike protein and the nucleocapsid protein of SARS-CoV-2 virus were assessed. During the four rounds of survey (between the end of April and the end of September), anti-SARS-CoV-2 seropositivities based on immunochromatographic test results were 2.60% (95% CI 1.80-3.63), 3.93% (95% CI 2.85-5.28), 6.11% (95% CI 4.72-7.77) and 14.60% (95% 12.51-16.89), respectively. After adjusting with results obtained from the Line immunoassay test, the estimated overall seroprevalence increased to 16.67% (95% CI 14.45-19.08) corresponding to 322,033 infections in total by the end of September 2020 in Vojvodina's population. Throughout the course of the study, for every RT-PCR confirmed case of COVID-19, there were 39-87 additional infections in Vojvodina. No significant difference (p>0.05) in SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity regarding gender and between age subgroups was observed over the course of the survey. The population prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies implies much more widespread infection in Vojvodina than indicated by the number of confirmed cases. However, our results suggest that the population of Vojvodina has not reached a desirable level of protection from SARS-CoV-2 virus by the end of September 2020.

According to the results from the 2011 Census, in Autonomous Province of Vojvodina (hereinafter referred to as ?Vojvodina?) there were 1,815 Slovenians, or 45% of the total number of Slovenians in the Republic of Serbia. Slovenians make up only 0.09% of the total population in Vojvodina. All demographic indicators show a profound demographic decline in the population based on biological depopulation that began in the late 1960s. Furthermore, a negative trend in natural increase was further strengthened by inverse migrations that started several years after they had colonized Vojvodina, especially south Banat. Slovenians in Vojvodina, at an average age of 52.1 years, were ranked second place in the rank of ethnicity by age, which clearly indicates to intense process of population ageing and inability to achieve positive effects of natural movement. Although this population is statistically small in number, this paper clarifies the underlying causes of extremely unfavorable demographic trends that characterized Slovenian population in Vojvodina over the last several decades.

This article talks about the origin of Montenegrins in Vojvodina, their identity, development of their number and then about the age - gender structure. It gives the insight how old the Montenegrins population is and if it is in general older than population in Vojvodina. Particular attention was given to the period from the second half of 20th and at the beginning of 21st century. The main task of the paper was the identification of tendencies in the age structure of Montenegrins. Statis- tical methods and mathematics proceedings are used to compare different parameters of the age structure. The interview was carried with the aim to find out the reply on question where the one third of Montenegrins had disappeared during the last decade. The results of the study will enhance the knowledge about demographic characteristics of Montenegrins in Vojvodina and therefore might be useful for further research in the field.

The aim of this study was to investigate age‐related growth in the Sumatran elephantElephas maximus sumatranusand to use the derived relationship to determine the age structure of the wild elephant population in Way Kambas National Park (WKNP), Sumatra. Shoulder height, forefoot circumference and diameter of dung bolus were found to be related to age of captive Sumatran elephants using the Von Bertalanffy growth function. All length measurements were highly correlated with age in the Sumatran elephant and provide growth models for determining the age structure of wild populations. Female captive elephants reached their growth plateau earlier than male elephants who continued growing throughout the ages observed. There was no clear evidence of a secondary growth spurt in male elephants. The growth model relating dung diameter to age was used to predict the age structure of the wild elephant population in WKNP from dung measured along random line transects. The wild elephant population in WKNP is young and dominated by sub‐adults (between 5 and 15 years of age). There are marked differences between the age structure of the population as revealed in the current survey and that reported from previous studies, suggesting that changes have occurred within the population in the intervening period. The use of dung diameter to predict age offers a robust field technique for use in situations where direct observations are limited, and the use of other age estimation methods is impractical. It is easily coupled with dung counts for estimating the size, age structure and biomass of elephant populations, and has considerable potential for investigating the effects of poaching on age structure and identifying where priority action should be directed in human–elephant conflict situations.

Tsetse flies (Glossina) transmit species of Trypanosoma which cause human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT). Understanding the epidemiology of this disease and controlling the vector rationally requires analysis of the abundance, age structure, infection rates and feeding patterns of tsetse populations. We analysed a population of G. fuscipes fuscipes in the Koboko district of Uganda. Seasonal variation in the abundance of tsetse was assessed from the numbers of tsetse caught in pyramidal traps. The age structure of the population was assessed by dissecting female tsetse to estimate their ovarian categories. Classical and PCR-based methods were utilised to determine the presence of the three major pathogenic species of salivarian trypanosomes: T. vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei in a subset (n = 2369) of flies. Further, bloodmeal analysis was carried out using PCR to amplify and sequence a portion of the vertebrate cytb gene. The abundance and age structure of tsetse populations were relatively stable and a slight seasonal four-fold variation in abundance appeared to be correlated with rainfall. Analyses of age structure suggests a low natural daily mortality of 1.75% (1.62-1.88). Infection rates estimated were significantly greater (1.9-9.3 times) using the PCR-based method compared to the classical dissection-based method. Positive rates for T. brucei sl, T. congolense and T. vivax were 1.6% (1.32-2.24), 2.4% (1.83-3.11and 2.0% (1.46-2.63), respectively by PCR. The majority of bloodmeals were identified as cattle (39%, 30.5-47.8) and human (37%, 28.4-45.6). The seasonally stable abundance, low mortality rate and high proportion of bloodmeals from humans may explain, in part, why this district has historically been a focus of sleeping sickness. Additionally, the high rates of cattle feeding indicate insecticide treated cattle may prove to be a useful vector control strategy in the area.

The prevalence of overweight and obesity is increasing at an alarming rate and it is a manifestation of the epidemics of a sedentary lifestyle and excessive energy intake. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity in the population of the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia, and to examine the association between obesity and socioeconomic and lifestyle factors. A cross-sectional study conducted in the Province of Vojvodina in 2006 involved 3 854 participants aged 20 years and over (1 831 men and 2 023 women). The study was a countinuation of the baseline study conducted in 2000 (n = 2 840, 1 255 men and 1 585 women). The main outcome measures were overweight and obesity (Body Mass Index - BMI > or = 25 kg/m2), sociodemographic factors, including nutrition habits--having breakfast everyday and television watching frequency. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in both sexes in 2006 was 57.4% (35.7% were overweight and 21.7% obese). The prevalence of overweight was higher in men (41.1%) than in women (30.9%) (p < 0.001) while obesity was higher in women (23.10%) as compared to men (20.2%) (p = 0.035). For both sexes, overweight rates were highest at the age 60-69 (men 44.8% and women 39.1%) while obesity rates were peaked to men aged 50-59 (25.1%) and women aged 60-69 years (37.8%). Increasing ageing, males, rural population, single examinees, lower educational level, improved income, examinees that never/sometimes have breakfast and frequently watch TV were associated with obesity. The population of Vojvodina, with 23.1% obese women and 20.2% obese men is one of severely affected European populations. High prevalence of obesity requires urgent public health action. Healthy lifestyle, balanced nutrition with low energy intake and increased physical activity have to be promoted within a prevention strategy and obesity management.

This paper is about presence of the Turks in the area of Vojvodina, respectively, North Serbia. The main task of the paper was the identification of tendencies concerning number and age structure of the Turks ethnic group. Particular attention was given to the period on the second half of 20 th and on the beginning of 21 st century. Statistical methods and mathematics proceeding are used to compare different parameters of age structure (eg. median age, the old age index etc.). The results of the study will enchance the knowledge about demographic characteristics of Turks in Vojvodina and teherefore might be useful for further research in the field. They are important because the Turks are among the first ethnic groups which are disappearing from this geographic latitude concerning their number and demographic characteristics.

It is well known that there is heterogeneity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) within and among natural populations of same species. The polymorphism level of particular regions of mtDNA gives valuable results in detection of population genetic structure. The aim of this paper was to detect polymorphism of three mtDNA regions: cytochrome oxidase I (COI), Control region, and 12S/16S rRNA, by the mtDNA RFLP-PCR method, in three Lepus europaeus populations from Vojvodina province (Serbia and Montenegro). Polymorphism was detected within the two regions, COI and Control region, while 12S/16S rRNA region was monomorphic in all 77 individuals. Eight haplotypes were detected in the brown hare population in Vojvodina, and three were unique for the Srem brown hare population.

Who gains from the demographic dividend? Forecasting income by age