Abstract
This study was undertaken to access the pattern of sex pheromone production in glands of virgin females of Leucoptera coffeella as an indirect measure of the calling behavior. The major compound, 5,9-dimethylpentadecane (1) was extracted from pheromone glands of virgin females to be used in two experiments. The first one investigated the effect of the pheromone production time by females (extracts of 10 females with age of two days were carried out at 2-hour intervals). The other experiment evaluated the effect of female age on pheromone production (10 females with age ranged from 1 to 5 days after emergence class were used). Hexane extracts were made with 5 ng µL-1 of 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (2) as internal standard and analyzed by GC. Females had the highest amount of pheromone at the last four hours in the dark and the two first hours in the light period. One-day old females produced the highest amount of pheromone in the glands.
Highlights
Coffee leafminer (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (GuérinMéneville) is an important and widely distributed pest among the main coffee-producing countries in the Neotropical region.[1,2] In Brazil, it is considered a key pest of the coffee plant and causes losses up to 50% in production, due to the loss of photosynthetic area as a consequence of necrosis of the leaf surface, and early leaf fall when larval infestation is high.[2]
The sex pheromone was previously identified as 5,9-dimethylpentadecane (1).[4]
This study was carried out to quantify the pattern of pheromone production in sex pheromone glands of virgin females as an indirect measure of the calling behavior
Summary
Coffee leafminer (CLM) Leucoptera coffeella (GuérinMéneville) is an important and widely distributed pest among the main coffee-producing countries in the Neotropical region.[1,2] In Brazil, it is considered a key pest of the coffee plant and causes losses up to 50% in production, due to the loss of photosynthetic area as a consequence of necrosis of the leaf surface, and early leaf fall when larval infestation is high.[2]. Most females initiate calling within 24 h of emergence,[5,6] while in other individuals vary considerably in the age at which calling starts.[7,8] In several species, pheromone titer in the gland changes both with age and time during the scotophase or photophase.[9,10,11,12] To accomplish systematic pheromone ecology studies with CLM, it is necessary to know the diel pattern of pheromone release. This study was carried out to quantify the pattern of pheromone production in sex pheromone glands of virgin females as an indirect measure of the calling behavior.
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