Agada-based Ayurveda management of Dadru (Tinea corporis) – A case report

Background Skin disorders are often seen as a result of a change in lifestyle, a lack of physical activity, and inadequate nutrition. Hygiene, emotional stress, and poor eating habits are also factors to consider. Kushta is the term used in Ayurveda to describe all skin disorders which is classified as Mahakushtha (major skin disorders) and Kshudrakushtha (minor skin disorders). Dadrukushta is a type of kshudrakushta that is commonly seen in clinical practice. In Ayurveda, the signs of dadrukushta are same as those of Tinea corporis, which is explained in modern science. Tinea corporis has a wide range of clinical symptoms that are mostly dependent on the infective organisms. By treating the condition with Ayurveda’s treatment therapy produces long term Outcomes. Aim & Objectives Aim of this contemporary study was to assess how Ayurvedic modality shamana chikitsa works on Dadrukushta. Case A 27 year old male patient approached to Kayachikitsa OPD with complaints of blackish lesions with raised borders and itching over the chest and back (upper) region for 15 days having disturbed sleep which undergone treatment of shamanachikitsa (palliative care). Dadrukushta (Tinea corporis) can be dealt with shamana karma (palliative care) using internally Gandhakrasayan (Moringa ovalifolia prepared from sulphur), Panchtiktaghrita (Pancha means five, Tikta means bitter in taste. Tikta Rasapradhan Dravyas are collectively called as Panchatikta Dravyas. The five Dravyas are Azadirachta indica (Neem), Trichosanthes dioica (Patola), Solanum xanthocarpum (Kantakari), Tinofpora cordifolia (Guduchi) and Adhatoda vasica (Adulsa), fungiwin cream, Karanjataila (Pongamia pinnata oil tree), S-kin powder for local application for 45 days. Results The Gradation Score was 8 before treatment, after 45 days it was 0. The patient in this case study experienced relief in the symptoms. Conclusions The patient obtained better results by Shamanachikitsa.

Background: Tinea corporis et cruris is a major category of superficial dermatophytosis, forming the bulk of routine dermatology ailments. However, in recent years, an epidemic-like scenario of dermatophytosis has emerged with increased incidence of atypical morphological clinical variants and changing mycological profiles due to steroid abuse, epidemiological shift and antifungal resistance. Aims: This study aims to document the changing clinicomycological profile of dermatophytosis while highlighting the emerging incidence of varied atypical morphological variants. Methods: A cross-sectional study of cases presenting to the outpatient department with tinea corporis et cruris. Detailed history-taking and clinical examination were followed by direct microscopic examination of skin scrapings in potassium hydroxide (KOH) and fungal culture in Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA). Results: One hundred cases were enrolled over a period of 6 months. Male: female ratio observed was 1.56:1. Most patients (51%) had chronic disease, 42% cases showed recurrence, and relapse was seen in 28%; 58% had a history of prior treatment, among which 81.03% had a history of steroid application. Classical tinea corporis et cruris was the most common clinical presentation (54%) with variable degrees of inflammation, followed by steroid-modified tinea (32%), atypical tinea, concomitant bacterial infection, Majocchi’s granuloma, and Erythrodermic dermatophytosis. Atypical emerging morphological variants included tinea pseudoimbricata, double-edged tinea, eczema-like variant, dumbbell-shaped tinea, tinea recidivans, and impetigo-like variant. Lesions were most commonly located on the trunk (83%); unusual anatomical sites involved were ears (12%), eyelids (9%), and glabrous scalp (5%). KOH mount was positive in 68% cases, while fungal culture was positive in 43%. Fungal isolates were Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale (88.4%), Trichophyton rubrum (6.9%), and Epidermophyton floccosum (4.6%). Conclusion: The changing clinicomycological trends of tinea corporis et cruris seen throughout the country were reflected in this study, highlighting the evolving clinical patterns in the epidemic-like scenario in India.

This paper studies the phase equilibria in the La/sub 2/O/sub 3/-Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ system in a wide range of temperatures (1350-2450 degrees C) and concentrations (0-100 mole % Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/). The phase-field boundaries were determined by the method of annealing and quenching with the help of DTA, during the course of which the samples were heated in an inert atmosphere up to 2450 degrees C. The phase composition of the samples was investigated by x-rays and petrographic analysis. The phase diagram of the system was constructed, for which the existence of wide regions of solid solutions based on A-, B-, C-, H-, and X-forms of rare-earth-element oxides, the decrease in the phase-transformation temperature of La/sub 2/O/sub 3/ and Y/sub 2/O/sub 3/ upon introducing a second element, and the presence of a compound of the perovskite structure with a region of homogeneity, formed by a solid-state reaction at 1585 degrees C, are typical.

Barrier Function, Epidermal Differentiation, and Human β-Defensin 2 Expression in Tinea Corporis

Background:Dermatophytes are the most common superficial fungal infections worldwide and are treated with prescribed regimens of terbinafine and itraconazole, or with weekly doses of fluconazole. Dermatologists are increasingly encountering treatment failures, and experts suggest that standard treatment regimens are not applicable anymore. We planned an open-label study to evaluate the results of fluconazole 150 mg daily for 8 weeks in patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis.Methods:Patients were enrolled from the La’Mer Clinic, Mumbai, India. We included adult subjects with uncomplicated dermatophytosis confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Pregnancy, poor renal function, and recent exposure to anti-fungal therapy were exclusion criteria. Patients were reviewed on days 14, 28 and 56. The treating doctor scored the severity of erythema, scaling, and pruritus on a four-point scale: absent, mild, moderate, and severe. Of 107 subjects screened, 100 were finally included in the study. Eleven were lost to follow up and one subject withdrew consent.Results:The site of disease was body alone in 29, groin alone in 7, and both body and groin in 64 cases. At 5 weeks, 98%, 100%, and 97% of patients had no scaling, erythema, and pruritus, respectively. Skin scrapings showed 100% mycological cure. In one patient the alanine transaminase level rose from 54.9 to 100.2 U/L, and qualified as a grade 1 adverse event not requiring intervention. No other significant adverse events were noted.Conclusions:Our results suggest that fluconazole 150 mg daily for eight weeks effectively treats dermatophytosis. This regimen is safe and well-tolerated even in patients with co-morbidities. Fluconazole is about eight times less expensive than itraconazole or terbinafine and may be the preferred therapy.Registration:The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry, India (Registration numberCTRI/2020/06/026110) on 24 June 2020. FDC Company, India, provided financial support for the study.

Background Dermatophytes are the most common superficial fungal infections worldwide and are treated with prescribed regimens of terbinafine and itraconazole, or with weekly doses of fluconazole. Dermatologists are increasingly encountering treatment failures, and experts suggest that standard treatment regimens are not applicable anymore. We planned an open-label study to evaluate the results of fluconazole 150 mg daily for 8 weeks in patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Methods Patients were enrolled from the La’Mer Clinic, Mumbai, India. We included adult subjects with uncomplicated dermatophytosis confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Pregnancy, poor renal function, and recent exposure to anti-fungal therapy were exclusion criteria. Patients were reviewed on days 14, 28 and 56. The treating doctor scored the severity of erythema, scaling, and pruritus on a four-point scale: absent, mild, moderate, and severe. Of 107 subjects screened, 100 were finally included in the study. Eleven were lost to follow up and one subject withdrew consent. Results The site of disease was body alone in 29, groin alone in 7, and both body and groin in 64 cases. At 5 weeks, 98%, 100%, and 97% of patients had no scaling, erythema, and pruritus, respectively. Skin scrapings showed 100% mycological cure. In one patient the alanine transaminase level rose from 54.9 to 100.2 U/L, and qualified as a grade 1 adverse event not requiring intervention. No other significant adverse events were noted. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluconazole 150 mg daily for eight weeks effectively treats dermatophytosis. This regimen is safe and well-tolerated even in patients with co-morbidities. Fluconazole is about eight times less expensive than itraconazole or terbinafine and may be the preferred therapy. Registration The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry, India (Registration number CTRI/2020/06/026110) on 24 June 2020. FDC Company, India, provided financial support for the study.

Background Dermatophytes are the most common superficial fungal infections worldwide and are treated with prescribed regimens of terbinafine and itraconazole, or with weekly doses of fluconazole. Dermatologists are increasingly encountering treatment failures, and experts suggest that standard treatment regimens are not applicable anymore. We planned an open-label study to evaluate the results of fluconazole 150 mg daily for 8 weeks in patients with tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Methods Patients were enrolled from the La’Mer Clinic, Mumbai, India. We included adult subjects with uncomplicated dermatophytosis confirmed by microscopic examination of skin scrapings. Pregnancy, poor renal function, and recent exposure to anti-fungal therapy were exclusion criteria. Patients were reviewed on days 14, 28 and 56. The treating doctor scored the severity of erythema, scaling, and pruritus on a four-point scale: absent, mild, moderate, and severe. Of 107 subjects screened, 100 were finally included in the study. Eleven were lost to follow up and one subject withdrew consent. Results The site of disease was body alone in 29, groin alone in 7, and both body and groin in 64 cases. At 5 weeks, 98%, 100%, and 97% of patients had no scaling, erythema, and pruritus, respectively. Skin scrapings showed 100% mycological cure. In one patient the alanine transaminase level rose from 54.9 to 100.2 U/L, and qualified as a grade 1 adverse event not requiring intervention. No other significant adverse events were noted. Conclusions Our results suggest that fluconazole 150 mg daily for eight weeks effectively treats dermatophytosis. This regimen is safe and well-tolerated even in patients with co-morbidities. Fluconazole is about eight times less expensive than itraconazole or terbinafine and may be the preferred therapy. Registration The trial was registered with Clinical Trials Registry, India (Registration number CTRI/2020/06/026110 ) on 24 June 2020. FDC Company, India, provided financial support for the study.

Dermatophyte infection encircling vitiligo

Tinea corporis is usually characterized by round erythematous lesions with desquamation of the border, a result of centrifugal growth of the fungal lesion. The skin of patients who test positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) often have dermatologic lesions that are difficult to diagnose because they are more severe or chronic than usual or have an atypical distribution. 1 Oral and vaginal candidiasis, tinea pedis, onychomycosis, and deep mycotic infections have been the most frequently reported fungal infections in these patients, especially when CD4 lymphocyte depletion is found in laboratory tests. 2,3 We describe a young HIV-positive woman with a curious papulosquamous lesion on her right lower leg, initially diagnosed as psoriasis. Microscopic examination of skin scrapings revealed spores and hyphae, making this lesion resemble Microsporum gypseum colonies grown on a Sabouraud culture medium. Report of a Case. A 32-year-old woman, who had been an intravenous drug abuser since

Background: Indonesia is a tropical country with high humidity and temperatures, making dermatophytosis a persistent health issue. Dermatophytoses are superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytes affecting the skin, hair, and nails. Also known as tinea infections. Purpose: To determine the incidence of dermatophytosis and types of dermatophytosis among boarding school students in Sei-Kijang, Pelalawan, Riau Province. It was conducted from August 2023 until October 2023. Methods: This research is a simple descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. The aim of the study was to detect dermatophytes in the skin lesions. Dermatophytosis examination was carried out by microscopic examination of skin scrapings with 10-20% potassium hydroxide (KOH) and fungal culture using Sabouraud’s dextrose agar and then examined with a light microscope (lactophenol cotton blue staining). Result: In this study, there were 339 research subjects with 51% male students and 49% female students with an average age of 14.3 years. This study found that the incidence of dermatophytosis was 4.1%, with male students in the 10 to 14-year-old age group having a higher infection rate (71%) than female students. The incidence of tinea corporis was 64.3%, followed by tinea cruris, tinea pedis, and tinea faciei, depending on the type of dermatophytosis. Tinea capitis and tinea unguium were not found. Conclusions: This study demonstrates a high incidence of dermatophytosis, tinea corporis being the predominant type among boarding school students in Bandar Sei-Kijang.

From the ancient time and till date of modern era, skin plays important role in all over the self-confidence and mental health. The first thing whenever we see person is skin as skin is the largest organ of body. If person suffering from any skin disease specially in face. Then it appears irritable and give negative impact on self-confidence and mental health. Every person in the world wants to be more beautiful than anyone. In this case study, A patient suffered from dadru on thigh region have treated. In dadru, elevated skin lesions with rashes, itching and redness associated with burning sensation appears with circular shape. All Acharyas mentioned all skin disease under kushtha. There are two types of kushtha, mahakushtha and kshudra kushtha mentioned in Ayurveda. Acharya Charak mentioned dadru into kshudra kushtha but Acharya Sushrut explained it into maha kushtha. Nidan and samprapti of all the kushtha types are same. We can correlate dadru with Tinea corporis as they have similar properties and appearance. In the present case study Karpoor mix Nimba taila was applied locally to the affected area of patient and Gandhak rasayan orally for 7days. Patient got completely relief from dadru on seventh day of treatment. This study showed that local application of Karpoor mixed with Nimba taila and orally Gandhak rasayan shows significant efficacy in the management of dadru.

Background: Dermatophytosis is a fungal infection affecting keratinised tissues such as the epidermis, hairs and nails. It is particularly prevalent in tropical regions due to favourable conditions for fungal growth, such as warmth and humidity. Dermatophytes metabolise keratin leading to various pathological clinical presentations, such as tinea pedis, tinea corporis and tinea cruris. Case reports, case series and studies published on treatment of tinea corporis add to the evidence-based effectiveness of Homoeopathy in treatment of the condition. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the therapeutic efficacy of individualised homoeopathic medicines in the clinical management of cases presented with tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Methods: The present case series includes 26 cases of dermatophytosis. KOH mount test was used as the diagnostic tool for confirming tinea infection. Clinical Cure, Skindex-16 and Global Evaluation Response were the main outcome assessment tools. The causal relationship between intervention and outcome was assessed through MONARCH criteria. Results: Out of 26 cases, nine cases (34%) experienced complete disappearance of lesions, 14 cases (53.8%) showed symptomatic improvement and progression of lesions was seen in three cases (11.5%). The collated data of these 26 cases showed a significant reduction in mean Clinical Cure Composite Score (pruritus, erythema and scaling) (p = 0.000) and Skindex-16 composite scores (p = 0.00) were observed. Conclusion: This series provides evidence supporting the usefulness of Homoeopathy treatments for dermatophytosis, particularly tinea cruris and tinea corporis. Employing clinical assessments, standardised evaluation metrics and photographic documentation ensures a thorough and objective evaluation of treatment usefulness and patients’ quality of life.

Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections. Introduction: The annular lesions of dermatophytosis can closely resemble the plaques of psoriasis, posing significant diagnostic and treatment challenges. Methotrexate, a common treatment for psoriasis, can exacerbate the former due to its immunosuppressive effects. Case Report: ​​A middle-aged man with chronic plaque psoriasis was on tablet methotrexate (7.5 mg once weekly) and topical steroids for 1 year. Despite some improvement, new annular lesions emerged whenever topical steroids were tapered. Frustrated with the lack of disease control, the patient finally visited a tertiary care center, where tinea corporis was diagnosed alongside psoriasis via dermoscopy, mycological tests, and histopathology. Methotrexate and steroids were discontinued, and the patient was started on antifungals. Once the dermatophytosis was brought under control, methotrexate was resumed alongside targeted application of steroid and antifungal creams. Conclusion: The coexistence of tinea corporis and psoriasis can be challenging to diagnose and treat, necessitating thorough clinical evaluation and mycological testing. Proactive monitoring and timely intervention are crucial to prevent complications and ensure optimal management outcomes in immunosuppressed individuals with dermatophyte infections.

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Abnormal serum vitamin D3 levels have been implicated as risk factors for development of various skin disorders. Hence this study was planned to assess the prevalence of vitamin D3 deficiency among patients with <em>Tinea corporis</em> who were attending outpatient department of dermatology in a tertiary care centre.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The cross sectional study was conducted by the department of dermatology, venereology and leprosy, at Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, among the patients attending the outpatient department, during the month of June to August 2019. A total of fifty cases with extensive <em>Tinea corporis</em> infection were included in the study. The study was conducted using a proforma with the detailed clinical history and also patients underwent skin scrapping for KOH mount and serum vitamin D3 analysis. Data was entered in Microsoft excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Among the cases with extensive <em>Tinea corporis</em> infection, only 20% of cases were found to have normal levels of serum vitamin D3 whereas 48.3% of cases were found to have serum vitamin D3 insufficiency and 31.7% of cases had deficiency of serum vitamin D3</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Screening for vitamin D3 deficiency for all cases with extensive <em>Tinea corporis</em> infection can be recommended. Further large scale clinical trials are needed to assess whether vitamin D3 deficiency has any role to play in pathogenesis and treatment of extensive <em>Tinea corporis</em> infection.</p>

Rationale:Norwegian scabies (crusted scabies) is an extreme manifestation of Sarcoptes scabiei infestation, primarily affecting immunocompromised populations such as HIV-positive individuals. This condition is characterized by a severe mite burden and high transmissibility, often accompanied by pathognomonic hyperkeratotic plaques.Patient concerns:A 46-year-old male patient diagnosed with HIV presented with persistent fever and progressive cutaneous desquamation, along with lymphadenopathy and worsening rash, initially misdiagnosed as atopic dermatitis.Diagnoses:Microscopic examination of skin scrapings confirmed a diagnosis of Norwegian scabies. Blood cultures and lymph node puncture revealed disseminated Talaromyces marneffei infection. The patient’s cluster of differentiation 4 cell count was extremely low, and immunoglobulin E levels were significantly elevated.Interventions:The patient received a comprehensive treatment regimen including topical sulfur ointment, oral ivermectin, and voriconazole, in addition to antiretroviral therapy. Supportive care included methylprednisolone and immunoglobulin therapy.Outcomes:After 1 month of treatment, the patient’s skin symptoms completely resolved, and he was discharged.Lessons:For immunocompromised HIV patients, routine microscopic examination of skin scrapings is recommended to promptly identify Norwegian scabies, preventing misdiagnosis and potential infectious complications.