After Neoliberalism in Argentina: Reasserting Nationalism in an Open Economy

Argentina's economic collapse in December 2001 is seen as perhaps the most emblematic evidence of the failure of neoliberalism to provide sustainable and equitable economic growth in the developing world. A new policy frame has gradually emerged in Argentina which relies on a more active statein the promotion of growth. This article examines what state-led growth can mean in the context ofopen markets. It explores in detail the policies implemented since 2002 and asks to what extent they constitute a possible route to stable post-crisis governance

Argentina's economic collapse in December 2001 is seen as perhaps the most emblematic evidence of the failure of neoliberalism to provide sustainable and equitable economic growth in the developing world. A new policy frame has gradually emerged in Argentina which relies on a more active statein the promotion of growth. This article examines what state-led growth can mean in the context ofopen markets. It explores in detail the policies implemented since 2002 and asks to what extent they constitute a possible route to stable post-crisis governance.

The impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on employment and economic growth in BRICS: Does the moderating role of governance Matter?

Today, the world lives in the era of the digital revolution, witnessing a tremendous development in digital technology and communications. This great development has affected all aspects of economic and social life, and one of the aspects that it highlights is digital accounting and its impact on sustainable economic growth. Digital accounting is defined as the economic system that relies primarily on digital technology and electronic networks in its economic operations. Digital accounting includes the use of the Internet, information and communications technology, mobile applications, e-commerce, big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and many other technologies that enhance economic transactions and information exchange. The contribution of digital accounting to sustainable economic growth has several positive aspects. For example, digital accounting enhances innovation and leadership by providing a suitable environment for developing new businesses and discovering business opportunities. It also increases productivity and efficiency in economic operations by using digital technology and data analytics to improve operations and reduce costs. Thanks to the digital revolution, e-commerce is being enhanced and the market is expanding. Companies and individuals can now transact and trade online, opening doors to access global markets and expanding growth and competitive opportunities. The basis of our research is based on a basic hypothesis, which is that the expansion of digital accounting contributes to enhancing sustainable economic growth. The importance of the research lies in the importance of the study in adopting the problem of digital transformation and its effective role in supporting digital transformation and achieving sustainable economic growth. To prove the hypothesis of the research, it was divided into three main sections and several conclusions were reached, the most prominent of which is that the transition to digital accounting is a crucial element in achieving sustainable economic growth in the modern era and a number of recommendations, the most prominent of which is that the transition to digital accounting requires integration between technology, economy and society and cooperation between the public and private sectors.

Analysis of energy consumption structure on CO[formula omitted] emission and economic sustainable growth

Purpose – This study aims to analyze the impact of sharia financing on economic growth (GDP), inequality, poverty, productivity, and school participation rates in the province of Sulawesi, Indonesia. Method – This study uses a quantitative approach with a data panel regression method and a fixed effects model. The data used included data from the annual report published by the Central Statistics Agency (CSA) and the Financial Services Authority (FSA) for the 2015-2023 period from 6 provinces in Sulawesi, with 54 observational data. Findings – The study results show that sharia financing positively affects economic growth (GDP), poverty, productivity, and school participation in Sulawesi. However, sharia financing does not affect income inequality. Overall, these findings indicate that sharia financing can drive more inclusive and sustainable economic growth. Implications – The implications of these findings contribute to the theory of sharia finance by enriching the literature on the role of inclusive finance that can support social justice and equitable economic growth. From a practical point of view, these findings demonstrate the need for governments and financial institutions to prioritize a fairer distribution of sharia financing, especially in underserved areas, to help reduce poverty and inequality and increase economic growth, productivity, and access to education.

Although Singapore has a very open economy, both in the current and capital accounts, the impact of the crisis has not been as severe as in several less open regional economies; thus economic openness and globalization are not sufficient factors. Further, despite sound fundamental macroeconomic policies, Singapore did not escape the fallout from the regional crisis; thus these factors are insufficient insurance against overreactions and herd behaviour of currency traders and speculators. Finally, Singapore's policy response to the crisis is not to reject globalization and liberalization, but to undertake further reforms and restructuring to ensure international competitiveness. Introduction More than a year after the currency and financial crisis exploded in Southeast Asia, starting with floating of the Thai baht in July 1997, much has been written and debated regarding the causes and effects of the crisis and the necessary and appropriate responses at national and international levels. Singapore's experience with, and response to, the regional crisis makes for an interesting case study. First, Singapore has a very open economy, both in the current and capital accounts, yet the impact of the crisis has not been as severe as in several less open regional economies because it has strong macroeconomic fundamentals, sound macroeconomic policies, a healthy domestic financial system, and political and social stability. Second, Singapore's policy response to the crisis is not to reject globalization and liberalization and impose capital controls but to strengthen the domestic financial system and improve the economy's international competitiveness. Sound Macroeconomic Fundamentals and Policies Economic Openness and Vulnerability By any set of criteria, Singapore is one of the most open economies in the world which, together with its small size, renders it highly vulnerable to external developments beyond its control. The economy is continually subject to the discipline of the market and hence has to maintain strong macroeconomic and financial fundamentals and political and social stability to remain attractive to international capital, and pursue sound macroeconomic and financial policies. Table 1 presents some indicators of economic openness. Total trade in goods and services reached US$327 billion or 331% of GDP in 1997, with external demand accounting for two-thirds of total demand. Foreign investment penetration is extensive - the stock of inward foreign equity investment (direct and portfolio) reached US$70 billion in 1995 or 81% of GNP, while foreign controlled companies (with foreign equity ownership of over 50%) comprised 18% of the total number of companies and nearly 60% of total corporate assets in Singapore. Outward equity investments are of a lesser order, but still reached US$34.2 billion by 1995 or 33% of GNP. Foreign participation in the Singapore financial sector is probably one of the highest in the world. As a financial centre, Singapore plays host to 142 foreign banks as well as a large number of other financial institutions, while the total assets of the Asian Dollar Market (ADM) reached US$375 billion by end-1997. Ranked as the world's eighth largest offshore lending centre, the ADM plays a crucial role in mobilizing global funds for onlending to the region. With full employment since the 1970s, the foreign workforce has also been on the rise, accounting for 2>25% of the total workforce in recent years.' Sound Economic Fundamentals That Singapore has been less affected by the regional crisis is in large part due to its strong macroeconomic and financial fundamentals. With financial liberalization and capital account convertibility, these have helped maintain investor confidence and fend off speculative attacks. Real GDP growth has been high and sustained, averaging 9% in the period 199-97; as a result, per capita GNP reached US$26,475 in 1997, higher than several OECD countries. …

In the rapid urbanization process in China, due to reasons such as employment, education, and family reunification, the number of mobile population without registered residence in the local area has increased significantly. By 2020, the group had a population of 276 million, accounting for over 20% of the total population, making significant contributions to urban economic development and resource optimization. However, the health status of migrant populations is affected by unique issues such as occupational risks and socio-economic disparities, which play an important role in personal welfare, social stability, and sustainable economic growth. The deterioration of the health of the floating population will lead to a decrease in productivity, an increase in medical expenses, and an increase in pressure on the public health system. In order to analyze and predict the main elements affecting the well-being of transient population, this study uses advanced machine learning algorithms such as principal component analysis, backpropagation (BP) neural networks, community analysis, random forest models, etc. Principal component analysis will identify and extract the most important variables that affect the health status of mobile populations. The BP neural network models the nonlinear interaction between health determinants and health outcomes. Community analysis divides the floating population into different health records and promotes targeted intervention measures. The random forest model improves the accuracy and universality of predictions. The insights generated by these models will help develop health policies and intervention policies to improve the health status of mobile populations, narrow disparities, and promote social and economic stability. Integrating data-driven methods and emphasizing a shift towards correct, effective, and impactful public health management provides a robust framework for understanding and addressing the complex health issues faced by mobile populations.

This study investigated the impact of the people category of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) on sustainable and conventional economic growth in Asia and the Pacific region, using a sample of 52 selected countries between 2000 and 2023. Employing two distinct models, model A1 for conventional economic growth and model A2 for sustainable economic growth, we explained the relationships between five SDG indicators: employed poverty rate, stunted children, expenditure on health, expenditure of education, and % of women MNAs on economic growth. This study employed a fixed-effect model and random-effect model to investigate the impact of the people category SDGs on traditional and sustainable economic growth. The comparative analysis of each SDG in both models revealed valuable insights. SDG 1, “employed poverty rate”, has a positive impact on economic growth in both models, while SDG 2, “percentage of stunted child”, did not significantly influence economic growth in either model. Moreover, SDG 3 and SDG 4, relating to “government’s health expenditure per capita” and “government’s Education education expenditure per capita”, respectively, exhibited a positive impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth. Conversely, SDG 5, “percentage of women members of national parliament”, displayed an insignificant impact on traditional and sustainable economic growth models. In conclusion, this study suggests that policymakers should prioritize targeted interventions to alleviate employed poverty, enhance healthcare, and boost education spending. Moreover, promoting women’s representation in national parliaments should be approached with context-specific strategies to maximize its impact on economic growth.

Digital finance is an innovative financial model of great significance for sustainable economic growth. By constructing indicators of sustainable economic growth, we explore the impact of digital finance on sustainable economic growth using the fixed effect model, mediating effect model, threshold regression model, and dynamic spatial Dubin model. The study finds that digital finance can drive sustainable economic growth, and the robustness and endogenous treatment results strongly verify this. Digital finance promotes sustainable growth mainly through technological innovation. In addition, with technological innovation and the development of renewable energy, there is a significant nonlinear relationship between digital finance and sustainable economic growth. Finally, the spatial spillover effect results show that digital finance's impact on sustainable economic growth has a positive effect, whether it is a direct effect or an indirect effect. This article provides possible ideas for digital finance to promote sustainable economic growth.

The Indonesian government policy in encouraging sustainable economic growth to reduce unemployment, poverty and inequality is threatened to fail, because economic growth does not reach targets and is not of quality. The purpose of this research is to explain the four pillars of growth and development namely; human capital, social capital, institutional economics and entrepreneurship as the main drivers of quality and sustainable economic growth. This research method used primary data on entrepreneurship and SMEs in the provinces of Central Java and Yogyakarta. The correlational form of recursive model path analysis was used as analytical method. The research results show the very strong role of human capital as the main key in driving economic growth both directly and indirectly. The existence of human capital and social capital will further encourage new economic institutions, furthermore new economic institutions will encourage the competitiveness of productive entrepreneurship and high, quality, and sustainable regional economic growth. The policy implication is that high, quality, and fundamentally sustainable economic growth must be built on the four main pillars basis namely; human capital, social capital, institutional and entrepreneurship in order to be more successful in reducing development problems; unemployment, poverty and income inequality.

This report shows that Latin America and the Caribbean faces critical policy challenges going forward. It must accelerate the digital transformation to allow businesses and consumers to adapt to a new normal and leverage pandemic recovery to create stronger economies, and also tackle long-standing barriers to adopting digital technologies and bridging digital divides. These have impeded sustained and equitable economic growth even before the pandemic struck. This crisis should be a wake-up call for governments, the private sector, civil society, and international development partners to come together and take concerted actions to advance on consistent, long-term, and sustainable e-commerce strategies that are at the forefront of national and regional productive development agendas. Just as digital solutions allowed countries to overcome the increased role of distance within the context of the pandemic in shaping consumption and business, they should also be harnessed to increase regional economic integration beyond this emergency situation.

Abstract: Abstract: This chapter explores the transformative potential of digital currencies in driving financial inclusion and fostering equitable growth across the global economy. It examines how digital currencies, including cryptocurrencies and central bank digital currencies (CBDCs), are lowering barriers to financial access for unbanked and underserved populations by offering decentralized, secure, and cost-effective solutions. Through case studies from regions like Africa, Latin America, and Southeast Asia, the chapter highlights how these technologies empower marginalized communities, improve access to financial services, and promote economic development. It also discusses the challenges, such as regulatory hurdles, technological infrastructure, and trust issues, that must be addressed to scale digital currencies globally. Finally, the chapter emphasizes the role of innovation, public-private partnerships, and investment in achieving a more inclusive financial system that drives sustainable and equitable economic growth. Keywords: digital currencies, financial inclusion, equitable growth, cryptocurrencies, central bank digital currencies, CBDCs, unbanked, underserved populations, decentralized finance, blockchain, economic empowerment, financial access, regulatory challenges, public-private partnerships, innovation, global economy.

Located at the heart of the African Great Lakes region, Burundi has weathered nearly two decades of conflict and troubles, which have contributed to widespread poverty. Burundi is ranked 185th out of 187 countries on the 2011 United Nations Development Programme’s human development index, and eight or nine out of ten Burundians live below the poverty line. (World Bank, 2015) Per capita gross national income (GNI) in 2016 was US $170, about more than half its pre-war level some 20 years ago. The long period of fighting was extremely disruptive to agriculture, which is the main source of livelihood for nine out of ten Burundians. The destruction and looting of crops and livestock, as well as general insecurity, has put rural Burundians under serious strains. Burundi was traditionally self-sufficient in food production, but because of conflict and recurrent droughts, the country has had to rely on food imports and international food aid in some regions. The vast majority of Burundi’s poor people are small-scale subsistence farmers trying to recover from the conflict and its aftermath. Fortunately, the country is now rebuilding itself after emerging from recurrent conflict and ethnic and political rivalry. The four underlying objectives of this paper for the Burundian government’s poverty reduction strategy are improving governance and security, promoting sustainable and equitable economic growth, developing human capital and combating HIV/AIDS.

With a significant Indigenous population, Guatemala is the largest and most populous country in Central America. After emerging from a brutal thirty-six-year conflict in 1996 which cost the lives of over 200,000 Guatemalans, the country has struggled to establish strong democratic political institutions, achieve sustained and equitable economic growth, and provide security for its people from everyday violence. What optimism accompanied the resignation of a corrupt president in 2015, has all but disappeared. Seeking refuge in the United States, hundreds of thousands of Guatemalans have abandoned the country. There is little indication that the Giammattei administration will make significant progress against the challenges posed by racism, poverty and inequality, climate change, corruption, and the coronavirus during his remaining two years in office.