After 15 March

ObjectiveThe article contributes to the literature on discrete events and behavioral change among the public by studying the link between the United Kingdom's 2016 “Brexit”referendum and racial and religious hate crime.MethodsTime series intervention models on daily and monthly hate crime numbers from the UK Home Office and police forces, controlling for other events such as terror attacks. A range of robustness tests including additional vector auto‐regression.ResultsThe Brexit referendum led to a 19–23 percent increase in hate crimes, but did not lead to a longer‐term increase. The results are robust to a range of alternative specifications, and there is no evidence of a relationship between media coverage of hate crime or immigration salience and hate crimes. The results also show the consistent, large effect of terror attacks on increasing the number of hate crimes.ConclusionThe Brexit referendum caused an increase in hate crimes on par with terror attacks. Discrete political events, like referendums and elections, can play a sizeable role in prejudicial behavioral change.

Hatred, discrimination, and violence in the name of religion are certainly not new phenomena, but rather date back through the historical record. The persecution of early Christians by the Romans and of Jews/Muslims during the Crusades are but two examples from history. Today, terrorist attacks in Israel, violence in Northern Ireland, ethnic conflict and genocide in the former Yugoslavia,and a host of other headlines remind us regularly that hatred and violence under the flag of religion still exist. However, for most individuals in the United States prior to September 11th, 2001, such violence was thought to occur primarily elsewhere on the distant horizon of international affairs. Freedom of religion and religious tolerance are viewed by most in the U.S. as fundamental tenets of our society. Furthermore, any religious hatred and intolerance that exist in the U.S. are thought to occur only on the domestic fringe and are thus not major threats to the vast majority of Americans. Consequently, the attacks of September 11, given the belief that the attacks were grounded in Islamic fundamentalism as part of a Holy War, have raised questions for many about the foundation of religious hatred and violence.

All three of the interacting aspects of daily urban life (physical environment, social conditions, and the added pressure of climate change) that affect health inequities are nested within the concept of urban governance, which has the task of understanding and managing the interactions among these different factors so that all three can be improved together and coherently. Governance is defined as: “the process of collective decision making and processes by which decisions are implemented or not implemented”: it is concerned with the distribution, exercise, and consequences of power. Although there appears to be general agreement that the quality of governance is important for development, much less agreement appears to exist on what the concept really implies and how it should be used. Our review of the literature confirmed significant variation in meaning as well as in the practice of urban governance arrangements. The review found that the linkage between governance practices and health equity is under-researched and/or has been neglected. Reconnecting the fields of urban planning, social sciences, and public health are essential “not only for improving local governance, but also for understanding and addressing global political change” for enhanced urban health equity. Social mobilization, empowering governance, and improved knowledge for sustainable and equitable development in urban settings is urgently needed. A set of strategic research questions are suggested.

To promote gender mainstreaming in future AMR research projects and policy implementation within livestock and other systems, researchers need to embrace gender-responsive research methodologies. Ignoring gender considerations can lead to unsustainable interventions and exacerbate existing equity gaps. Incorporating gender analysis is crucial for identifying data collection needs and opportunities to develop gender-responsive research programs and policies. We have developed a conceptual framework and a set of research questions designed to enhance the gender-responsiveness of AMR research in livestock systems. A narrative review previously identified three key entry points for gender dynamic impacting AMR in agricultural systems: gendered antimicrobial resistance exposure, gendered antimicrobial use and gendered outcomes of antimicrobial resistance infections. This information was then analyzed using a health system gender framework. Combining these insights, we developed a comprehensive list of research questions. We developed comprehensive list of gender-related questions. Given the limited understanding of how gender dynamics and norms influence AMR, we have primarily proposed qualitative, exploratory questions. These questions are categorized into two types: integrated and strategic. Integrated questions offer a deeper understanding of gender dynamics and norms in livestock systems with the aim of improving them, while strategic questions focus on gender-related issues in livestock as entry points, highlighting some of the mechanisms behind these gender issues to progress towards gender equality. As gender-analysis in livestock research gains prominence, there is an increasing expectation for AMR researchers to integrate gender considerations into their work. This framework provides a starting point for researchers aiming to enhance gender inclusivity and considerations in AMR research within livestock systems. The next phase of our project will involve applying this framework in the field, where a real-life application will enable its validation and further refinement.

Risk assessment: Lessons learned

The Technological Gaze

This qualitative research explores the understanding of santri (students) regarding Quranic verses as prayers within Hizib Nahdlatul Wathan and its implications for children's education in daily life. The study is conducted at the Islamic Center NW Tanjung Riau Batam Boarding School. Through in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, the study examines how santri comprehend and apply Quranic verses as prayers within Hizib Nahdlatul Wathan and the subsequent impact on children's education. The findings reveal that santri exhibit a profound understanding of Quranic verses as prayers within Hizib Nahdlatul Wathan. They perceive these verses not only as supplications for blessings and protection but also as a means to strengthen their spiritual connection with Allah. This understanding influences their behavior, attitudes, and decision-making in their daily lives. The implications for children's education are extensive, including the cultivation of moral awareness, empathy, and resilience. The integration of Quranic teachings contributes to the holistic development of children, enabling them to embody Islamic values and principles in their interactions and choices. This research contributes to the broader understanding of the role of religious teachings in shaping character, ethics, and values among young learners. It underscores the significance of incorporating Quranic teachings into educational practices to nurture individuals who are both knowledgeable and morally grounded. Ultimately, this study emphasizes the potential of religious education to create well-rounded individuals who contribute positively to society while remaining steadfast in their faith.

IntroductionSome projects have described post-disaster psychosocial services and planning across Europe. However, little is known about the real psychosocial disaster responses such as low-intensity initiatives after a terrorist attackObjectivesThis study aims (1) to describe psychological support (PS) in the immediate (<48 hours), post-immediate (48 hours – 1 week) periods and more than one week after a terrorist attack among terror-exposed people, and (2) to identify factors associated with a lack of short-term PS among those who suffered from mental health disorders.MethodsThis study used data from a longitudinal survey of 189 civilians exposed to the January 2015 terrorist attacks conducted 6 months after the attacks. Factors associated with lack of PS after the attacks was identified using a Robust Poisson regression in three separate models (for the 3 periods).ResultsAmong participants who suffered from PTSD (n=34), depression (n=74), or anxiety (n=59) 6-9 months after the terrorist attacks, respectively, 9%, 18% and 12% did not received psychological support. The lack of immediate PS was associated with geographical distance, type of exposure, and support in daily life. The lack of post-immediate PS was associated with geographical distance, peri-traumatic reactions and past psychological follow-up. The lack of PS after one week was associated with geographical distance and social isolation.ConclusionsCharacteristics of exposition and social support seem to play an important role in lack of PS after a terrorist attack and highlights the need to use strategies to reach out to people regardless of the type of exposure.DisclosureNo significant relationships.

Following a terrorist attack, responses to a psychosocial disaster range from low-intensity initiatives to high-intensity treatment. Some studies described post-disaster psychosocial services and planning across Europe. However, little is known about the psychosocial support (PS) actually delivered after terrorist attacks. This study assesses prevalence and the factors associated with not receiving short-term PS among terror-exposed people with probable mental health disorders following the January 2015 terrorist attacks in France. This study used data from the first wave of a longitudinal survey conducted six months after the attacks. Prevalence and factors associated with not receiving PS were described in the immediate period (48 hours), the early post-immediate period (48 hours-one week), and the medium-term (over one week) using a robust Poisson regression for each of the three periods. Nearly one-half of the participants (N = 189) did not receive PS in any period (46.6% in the immediate period, 45.5% in the early post-immediate period, and 54.5% in the medium-term). In each period, not receiving PS was associated with not being very close to the attack sites. Not receiving PS in the immediate period was also associated with being a direct witness (DW) rather than being directly threatened (DT) and not having support in daily life; in the early post-immediate period, not receiving PS was associated with not having a peri-traumatic dissociation experience and being followed for a psychological problem before the attacks; and in the medium-term period, it was associated with perceived social isolation. The characteristics of the terror exposure and social support seemed to influence presence or absence of PS after the terrorist attack and highlight the need for strategies to reach out to people regardless of the type of exposure.

Media reports on armed fights or terror attacks introduce reminders of death into people's daily lives. When people feel non-specific threats (mortality salience) or specific threats (intergroup threats), they may demonstrate unfavorable attitudes toward national outgroups. The issue is mostly analyzed today in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory. To examine such threats in the Russian context, and the impact of mortality salience (MS) on attitudes toward national outgroups that induced different levels of perceived intergroup threat. In two studies, participants watched films and completed questionnaires about social distance, social thermometer, and trust toward "more or less threatening" countries. In Study 1, 120 Russian students were assigned to six groups via experimental design: 3 (MS: terrorist attacks in Europe, terrorist attacks in Russia, or a control group watching a video about dental treatment) x 2 (country: Ukraine and Belarus). In Study 2, 122 participants were similarly divided into six groups, evaluating attitudes toward the USA and China. Study 1 showed that MS mostly increased unfavorable attitudes toward a country perceived as more threatening (Ukraine) than toward one perceived as less threatening (Belarus). Study 2 indicated the same effect on attitudes toward both more (the USA) and less (China) threatening outgroups. The results identified contradictory tendencies in MS effect, in line with Terror Management Theory and Intergroup Threat Theory. The findings could be used in improving relationships from an international perspective.

Men from Tanjung Nipah short story is a short story by E. Widoantoro rich in religious values. Thus, the study of religious values in this short story interesting to do. This research tries to explain religious value in literature. In addition, this study also was supported by descriptive analysis method. The results showed the existence of religious values on the short story of the man Tanjung Nipah. Value religus visible of the three protagonists in this short story, the characters Ustad Abu, Wak Hassan and Prime. As a faith mosque, Ustad Abu figure is a religious figure, both in daily activities and in religious activities. In daily life, figures Ustad Abu maintain close ties with all the citizens of Tanjung Nipah. So is the case with Hasan Wak figures, exemplary shown, make him a role model for the community Tanjung Nipah. It is also shown by the figures diperlhatkan prime, he is a devout young child so he also became a fad for young people in Tanjung Nipah.

We give a great deal of information about our identity without being aware of it by the structure and the building we live in our daily lives. This imparting process is undoubtedly a part of communication. As well as the information about our identity, clues about our historical and cultural identity and our background are also given. One of the conditions for communication to take place is constructing the meaning. Social values have an important place when constructing the meaning is considered from the perspective of intercultural communication. According to this, one of the most important indicators of social values is the living spaces and their role cannot be denied. These structures be an important indicator of social roles while giving information about cultural identities. With reference to Umberto Eco, it is possible to analyze architectural elements by semiology and reveal the features of these indicators; what and how they reflect. The visual features of Divrigi Great Mosque and Hospital, the history of which goes back centuries earlier, are taken as an indicator.

This article describes one of the effects of globalization on young Muslims in Indonesia. This article argues that the emergence of globalization has provided opportunities for young Muslims to take 'Islamic' values from the non-Arab world, not solely from the center of Islam (Muslim Arab countries). The purpose of this study is to find out how Pekanbaru Muslim Youth take Islamic values contained in Korean drama. This research uses ethnographic methods, by identifying informants namely young Muslim Muslims who are pious from Islamic educational backgrounds and like Korean television dramas. They have a good understanding of Islam so that in daily life they used to do the obligatory prayers five times a day and fasting is obligatory in the holy month of Ramadan. Even some of them do the teachings of Islam that are sunnah such as reading the Qur'an, sunnah prayers in congregation in the mosque and others. This article found that Korean television dramas encourage Muslim young people to negotiate Islamic values displayed in Korean television dramas. The results of this study reveal some Islamic values such as aspects of hard work, and never give up are often portrayed in television dramas.

This book focuses on the increasing use of mobile communication in people’s daily lives. This chapter presents people’s willingness to use, and the accessibility of, technology, both of which have made the spread of mobile communication easier, although there are still individuals and groups that have rejected the technology. The book highlights the different uses of mobile technology, of which talking and texting remain at the top of the list followed by gaming, music, video-recording, and photography. The chapter highlights how mobile technology uses in the field of politics, economic development, and security, have been discussed in the book. The book also discusses the negative or destructive consequences of using mobile communication technology, including aiding terror attacks and creating problems in managing personal relationships.

Socializing in emergencies—A review of the use of social media in emergency situations