Affordable Electricity for Bhashan Char from Renewable Energy

In recent years, several factors such as environmental pollution which is caused by fossil fuels and various diseases caused by them from one hand and concerns about the dwindling fossil fuels and price fluctuation of the products and resulting effects of these fluctuations in the economy from other hand has led most countries to seek alternative energy sources for fossil fuel supplies. Such a way that in 2006, about 18% of the consumed energy of the world is obtained through renewable energies. Iran is among the countries that are geographically located in hot and dry areas and has the most sun exposure in different months of the year. Except in the coasts of Caspian Sea, the percentage of sunny days throughout the year is between 63 to 98 percent in Iran. On the other hand, there are dispersed and remote areas and loads far from national grid which is impossible to provide electrical energy for them through transmission from national grid, therefore, for such cases the renewable energy technologies could be used to solve the problem and provide the energy. In this paper, technical and economic feasibility for the use of renewable energies for independent systems of the grid for a dispersed load in the area on the outskirts of Isfahan (Sepahan) with the maximum energy consumption of 3Kwh in a day is studied and presented. In addition, the HOMER simulation software is used as the optimization tool.

The electricity economy and its excessive consumption have become one of the main concerns of the Iranian government for many years. This issue, along with recent droughts, shows the need to use renewable energy that is free and clean and does not require water. In addition, due to the high cost of cable-laying and maintenance of power lines, it is not at all an option at all distances over the development of the national electricity grid. Therefore, it is important to find a distance for farther distances so that the use of renewable energy systems can be superior to the national electricity grid. According to related studies conducted so far, nothing has been done in this regard in Iran untill private-sector investors realize that, for what distances from the national grid, the network development is not cost-effective compared to using renewables. Therefore, in the present work, by using NASA's wind and solar data, 102 stations in Iran were investigated using the HOMER software. The studied system is a solar-wind one backed up by batteries and diesel generator for emergency conditions. The results showed that the average total net present cost of the solar-wind hybrid system in Iran was to provide a daily average electricity load of 5.9 kWh of a residential building with a peak load of 806 W equal to $ 12415, which could on average provide 95.3% of the building's needs by renewable energy. The average minimum distance from the national grid is 593 m for the cost-effective use of renewable energy.

Renewable energy is certain to play a key role in future electricity generation due to the rapid depletion of conventional energy. Photovoltaic and wind energy are the major renewable energy sources. However, renewable energies are an inexhaustible, expensive, and unpredictable source of energy. An alternative solution is to combine one or more renewable energy with other conventional energy. In recent years, the research interest towards the utilization of hybrid energy systems in desalination plants. This paper aims to optimize several hybrid energy system models consisting of photovoltaic, wind, and the national grid in desalination plant in Tunisia. Optimization is based on the techno-economic analysis of the proposed energy system is performed by using HOMER simulation software. The simulation will be focused on the net present costs, Levelized cost of energy, produced excess electricity, the Renewable Fraction of Energy, and the reduction of CO2emission for the hybrid energy configurations. Results show that the system photovoltaic, wind, and the national grid is the best energy system installed in the desalination plant.

PurposeThe discussion of climate change and energy problems is generally based on the assumption that technical solutions are possible and that the task is essentially to determine the most effective ways. This view relies heavily on the expectation that renewable energy sources can be substituted for fossil fuels. The purpose of this paper is to improve on an earlier attempt to estimate the investment cost that would be involved in deriving total world energy supply from renewable sources.Design/methodology/approachThis discussion improves on an earlier attempt to estimate the investment cost that would be involved in deriving total world energy supply from renewable sources. It takes common assumptions re future energy demand and estimates of future output and capital costs of major renewable energy sources and explores four strategies for supplying global energy demand in 2050.FindingsThis paper finds that the greenhouse and energy problems cannot be solved by action on the supply side, i.e. by technical developments which promise to provide quantities taken for granted in energy‐intensive societies. This general “limits to growth” perspective is that these and the other major global problems can only be solved by action on the demand side, i.e. by moving to ways, values, institutions and systems which greatly reduce the need for materials, energy and ecological resources.Research limitations/implicationsConfidence in the conclusions is limited mainly by the lack of evidence at this point in time on the actual difficulties set by the problem of integrating the intermittent sources, and the resulting need for redundant plant.Practical implicationsEach of the four strategies explored requires large amounts of redundant plant to be able to cope with the intermittency problem. Each leads to total system capital costs which are well beyond affordable levels.Social implicationsThe findings add to the general “limits to growth” case that solutions to the global energy and other sustainability problems cannot be achieved within consumer‐capitalist society but must be sought via dramatic reductions in production, consumption and GDP. This would require radical system change from the commitment to growth, market systems and affluent lifestyles, to what is described as The Simpler Way.Originality/valueIt does not seem that this approach has previously been taken to the specific issue of the potential and limits of renewable energy. Little or no attention has been given to the thesis that global sustainability and justice require transition to some kind of Simpler Way.

The increased availability of reliable and efficient energyservices stimulates new development alternatives. This article discusses thepotential for such integrated systems in the stationary and portable powermarket in response to the critical need for a cleaner energy technology.Throughout the theme several issues relating to renewable energies,environment, and sustainable development are examined from both current andfuture perspectives. It is concluded that green energies like wind, solar,groundsource heat pumps, and biomass must be promoted, implemented, anddemonstrated from the economic and/or environmental point view. Biogas frombiomass appears to have potential as an alternative energy source, which ispotentially rich in biomass resources. This is an overview of some salientpoints and perspectives of biogas technology. The current literature isreviewed regarding the ecological, social, cultural and economic impacts ofbiogas technology. This article gives an overview of present and future use ofbiomass as an industrial feedstock for production of fuels, chemicals and othermaterials. However, to be truly competitive in an open market situation, highervalue products are required. Results suggest that biogas technology must beencouraged, promoted, invested, implemented, and demonstrated, but especiallyin remote rural areas. Anticipated patterns of future energy use and consequentenvironmental impacts (acid precipitation, ozone depletion and the greenhouseeffect or global warming) are comprehensively discussed in this article. NationalCentre for Research, Energy Research Institute (ERI), between January 2011 andJuly 2011. An approach is needed to integrate renewable energies in a way tomeet high building performance. However, because renewable energy sources arestochastic and geographically diffuse their ability to match demand isdetermined by adoption of one of the following two approaches: the utilisationof a capture area greater than that occupied by the community to be supplied, orthe reduction of the community’s energy demands to a level commensurate withthe locally available renewable resources. The adoption of green or sustainableapproaches to the way in which society is run is seen as an important strategyin finding a solution to the energy problem. The key factors to reducing andcontrolling CO2, which is the major contributor to global warming, are the useof alternative approaches to energy generation and the exploration of how thesealternatives are used today and may be used in the future as green energysources. This study highlights the energy problem and the possible saving thatcan be achieved through the use of renewable energy technologies. Also, thisstudy clarifies the background of the study, highlights the potential energysaving that could be achieved through use of renewable energy technologies anddescribes the objectives, approach and scope of the study. The move towards ade-carbonised world, driven partly by climate science and partly by thebusiness opportunities it offers, will need the promotion of environmentallyfriendly alternatives, if an acceptable stabilisation level of atmosphericcarbon dioxide is to be achieved. This requires the harnessing and use ofnatural resources that produce no air pollution or greenhouse gases andprovides comfortable coexistence of human, livestock, and plants. The increasedavailability of reliable and efficient energy services stimulates newdevelopment alternatives. We present and focus a comprehensive review of energysources, and the development of sustainable technologies to explore theseenergy sources. We conclude that using renewable energy technologies, efficientenergy systems, energy savings techniques and other mitigation measuresnecessary to reduce climate changes.

St. Martin's Island is a little Island in the Bay of Bengal about 9 km far from the main land of Bangladesh.Nearly 5000 residents live there and fishing is their primary livelihood and as a tourist spot there are many lodges and rest houses.Since the Island is far away from the convenential national grid connection is almost unachievable even in future as a result of its geographical location.Locally installed diesel generator is used to provide electricity to inhabitants is established by power development board of Bangladesh but now it is not in operation.In this paper, an effort has been made to model a microgrid by means of hybrid electricity generation system for a small society of the Island.This system incorporates an arrangement of solar PV, wind turbine, storage battery, biogas and diesel generator.HOMER is software for optimization of renewable based amalgamative distributed generation systems has been used to find out the preeminent technical effective renewable based energy efficient system for 650 family units.Sensitivity analysis is also completed to perceive the impact of solar insolation, PV investment cost and wind speed and diesel fuel price on the optimum result.During peak load the convenential diesel generator is switched on after covering demand by renewable source.The results of the propose system shows that due to emphasize on renewable energy sources the greenhouse gas can be minimized and this proposed system produces 12000kg of carbon-dioxide, 32.2kg of carbon-monoxide and 23.8kg of sulfur dioxide per year which is comparatively less than the average produced greenhouse.This system produces carbon-dioxide emission of approximately12000kg per year whereas 700kW diesel generator produces 413kg per hour.

The non-renewable energy resources are limited and depleting gradually. As such, energy security has attained the greatest amount of attention globally than ever before. In the meantime, energy crises are already affecting the developing countries such as Pakistan, even though one-third of the population of the country is not even not connected to the national electricity grid. The population with access to on-grid electricity is enduring load shedding of more than 12 h a day. This situation is alarming and require immediate attention is required so as to add alternative energy resources to the country, which has long been relying on imported fuels. It is, therefore, high time that the abundant potential in the renewable energy resources of Pakistan such as solar, wind, and biomass are harnessed. These renewable energy resources are economical and environmentally friendly, and thus considered as sustainable, and the utilization of these in meeting energy demands can help to conserve conventional resources early diminishing. This paper provides a detailed description of the energy consumption and load-shedding scenario in Pakistan thereby focusing specifically Sindh and Baluchistan provinces. Since, wind energy is considered one of the cost-effective renewable resources, six potential sites in these two provinces are considered in this study. These sites lie within 250 km of the southeastern and 800 km of the southwestern regions of Pakistan. One-year wind speed data have been reported for variable heights of these proposed sites which represent to have an annual average wind speed of 6.63 m/s and 5.33 m/s respectively. The power generation data for these location of two provinces is 7.653 GWh, and 5.456 GWh per annum respectively. This study also elaborates on the advantages and disadvantages of harvesting and installing the wind energy and provides a technical proposal for the generation of electricity from the wind in the selected remote zones which are off the national grid. The findings of this paper will help concerned government departments to devise appropriate policies and attract investment in the wind energy sector to eradicate the on-going electricity crisis.

Nowadays, fossil fuels are used in a clearly unsustainable way that can bring potentially catastrophic consequences. Electricity is currently delivered to end users by generation and energy transmission companies. Previous research shows that the development of modern circular economy sets a need for the re-orientation of socio and economic development of decentralized systems, including energy basis. In addition to being ecological, the use of renewable energy sources also has economic significance by contributing to energy independence. Citizens, industries, local and national authorities become interconnected within emerging novel renewable energy sourcing communities, through which they establish trade of energy and, most importantly, models of investing and reshaping the distribution of renewable energy. The modern portfolio management of renewable energy networking is aiming toward decentralized systems of trade, where the consumer becomes a producer (prosumer) within the network, itself managed by users. Excess energy produced in the micro-grid nets within the over-arching national and transnational energy grid should be accounted for and managed with blockchain technology for financial and structural security. The decentralization of the energy market requires the establishment of strict norms that will regulate the market and taxation of profits arising. The extensive literature review on blockchain in the energy sector reflects a very pragmatic and narrow approach to the topic, although it is evident that the distribution of energy within the blockchain would enable economic development through reducing cost and ensuring more secure energy trade. Blockchain technology embeds the related digital codes, in which information will be visible to all, but also secured from hacking and duplicating. However, there are challenges to this paradigm, not least the energy consumption of the extensive nodal mesh required to perform the necessary protocols. This paper aims to provide an overview of the application of blockchain technology and the need for the development of the regulatory system and of potential solutions to the challenges posed. By undertaking an energy consumption analysis of blockchain implementation from first electronic principles, which has not been constructed before in the literature, this paper’s conclusion stresses the future demand for reducing energy consumption and considers the latest findings in the quantum coupling of light signals as a potential for solving the enormous ledger duplication structure problem.

Abstract: The global shift towards renewable energy sources necessitates the modernization of national grids to accommodate variable and decentralized power generation. This paper explores the advancements, challenges, and strategies associated with integrating renewable energy into national grids. It examines technological innovations, policy frameworks, and case studies that highlight successful integration efforts. The study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape and future prospects of renewable energy integration into national power systems. Keywords: Renewable Energy Integration, National Grids, Smart Grid, Variable Renewable Energy (VRE), Grid Flexibility, Energy Storage Systems, High-Voltage Direct Current (HVDC), Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI), Demand Response, Distributed Energy Resources (DER), Grid Modernization, Renewable Energy Forecasting, Power System Stability, Grid Resilience, Sector Coupling, Energy Transition, Grid Infrastructure, Renewable Energy Policy, Grid Interconnection, Grid Reliability.

Energy is supplied in the form of electricity, heat or fuels and an energy supply system must guarantee sufficient production and distribution of energy. An energy supply system based on renewable energy can be utilized as integrated renewable energy system (IRES), which can satisfy the energy needs of an area in appropriate & sustainable manner. Given the key role of renewable energy in rural electrification of remote rural areas, the IRES for a given area can be modeled & optimized for meeting the energy needs. In the present paper, Jaunpur block of Uttaranchal state of India has been selected as remote area. Based upon the data collected, the resource potential and energy demand has been calculated & presented. The model on the basis of unit cost of the energy has been optimized using LINDO software 6.10 version. The results indicated that the optimized model has been found to the best choice for meeting the energy needs of the area. The results further indicated that for the above area, either an IRES consisting of the above sources can provide a feasible solution in terms of energy fulfillments in the range of EPDF from 1.0 to 0.75.

Residential and commercial UPS User's contribution to load shedding and possible solutions using renewable energy

Special issue on “Optimal design and operation of energy systems”

Optimum utilization of renewable energy sources in a remote area

Transmission and distribution network-constrained large-scale demand response based on locational customer directrix load for accommodating renewable energy

The worldwide quest for sustainable energy solutions has led to a thorough investigation of the integration of renewable energy sources based on micro and smart grids into national electricity systems. This case study focuses on Bangladesh's particular situation, as a nation attempting to find workable solutions to its energy problems. The study explores how cutting-edge smart grid technology and decentralized energy systems, such as microgrids, can be integrated to improve the country's energy environment. The report commences by evaluating the current condition of Bangladesh's national grid, outlining the obstacles that still need to be overcome, and stressing the importance of having a variety of reliable energy sources. After that, the emphasis switches to microgrids, where their potential to support energy autonomy, harvest renewable energy locally, and lessen load on the centralized grid is examined. A thorough analysis of the technical, financial, and legal factors is carried out, considering how well micro and smart grid technologies work with the country's grid infrastructure. A case study that highlights a particular implementation in a chosen area of Bangladesh provides useful information. To assess the effectiveness and difficulties of the integration process, key metrics such the penetration of renewable energy, grid stability, and economic viability are described. In addition to providing resilience against power outages, increasing energy efficiency, and promoting a sustainable energy ecosystem, the results highlight the potential advantages of a synergistic strategy in which micro and smart networks supplement the national grid. Regulatory framework, technology standardization, and community participation challenges are all noted, and these call for the implementation of policy interventions and strategic planning. This case study provides insightful information about how Bangladesh's national system integrates renewable energy sources based on micro and smart grids. In the context of a developing nation's energy transition, it advocates for a comprehensive approach that considers technological breakthroughs, economic viability, and regulatory frameworks to unlock the full potential of decentralized and smart grid solutions.