Abstract
Processes of aerobic biological purification by pilot biofilters of chemical enterprise sewage (COD 14 g dm−3) and recirculating waters of atomic power station contaminated with oil products (10–270 mg dm−3) have been investigated. Fibrous materials were used as biomass carriers. These have been manufactured from thermoplastics (polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide) by melt-blowing technique. New polymeric fibrous carriers (PFC) of optimized composition, structure and shape are superior to common carriers (claydite, porous ceramics, foamed polyurethane) by specific sorption capacity towards complex associations of microorganisms. In contrast to biofilters filled with claydite, those filled with PFC are characterized by accelerated transfer to stationary working regime, above 90% of biopurification efficiency of high-loaded industrial wastewaters and process stability at toxic actions of biomass, as well as reduced aero- and hydrodynamic resistance of the filtering biolayer. Prospects of improving the biofilter operation are discussed, in particular, by means of carrier modification: fiber filling with magnetic or electroconductive substances, adhesive fixation of adsorbents on the fibers, etc. Such PFC can be related to a promising generation of biosorbents and biomass carriers.
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