Abstract

ABSTRACTObjective Development of instruments and methods for surgery through small incisions, which allowed indigent patients to leave hospital early, in Port of Spain, Trinidad.Methods At the State University of New York at Buffalo, these methods and instruments were combined with laparoscopy to open this era of modern operative laparoscopy.Interventions Frenzy of marketing for the highest profit margin; useless and dangerous technology; ravishing of patents; surgeon adventurers for fame and fortune; clip, cut and burn surgery; complications, and laparoscopic surgery at the point of disrepute.Results Regulation; criteria; cost‐effectiveness; suturing and tying; training; fewer complications; application to most organs and cavities of the body, and acceptance of minimal access surgery.

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