Abstract
In this study, 56 adventive species have been identified in Khakas flora to date. In terms of the introduction method, xenophytes dominate; this group is composed of 44 species, which is 78.6% of all the adventive species under study. The ergasiophyte group consists of 12 species (21.4%). According to the naturalization degree, we identified three groups: epecophytes, agriophytes, and ephemerophytes. The epecophyte group is in the lead and consists of 21 species (37.5%). The agriophytes are represented by 19 invasive species (33.9%). The ephemerophyte group is composed of 16 species (28.6%). Thus, the ratios of the synanthropic-plant groups defined according to the introduction method and naturalization degree indicate that most of these adventive plants have been introduced unintentionally and successfully established themselves on a territory new to them. The adventive fraction of natural ecosystems in Khakas flora contains 20 species included in the report “The Black Book of the Flora of Siberia” [1].
Highlights
Khakas wild life is currently experiencing a powerful impact of the human factor, which is represented by agricultural and industrial development of the territory and by annually increasing substantial recreational use
Our study showed that in Khakas flora, the naturalization of alien plant species often occurs in disturbed habitats and on fallow lands in steppe hollows of Khakassia
Plant samples stored in well-known collection funds (NS, TK, KRAS, and HGU) and literary data were used to study the adventive species of Khakassia
Summary
Khakas wild life is currently experiencing a powerful impact of the human factor, which is represented by agricultural and industrial development of the territory and by annually increasing substantial recreational use. The main method of distribution of alien species is their introduction along with the seeds of cultivated plants that have spread far beyond their original geographic range, and other methods include human importation of the seeds and various planting materials from other locations and Our study showed that in Khakas flora, the naturalization of alien (adventive or introduced) plant species often occurs in disturbed habitats (e.g., in towns and villages, near roads, at unauthorized dumps of household waste, in fields, vegetable gardens, and floodplain sand and pebble deposits) and on fallow lands in steppe hollows of Khakassia.
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