Advancing Environmental Sustainability Through Education: Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure School–Family Collaboration

The purpose of this research was to examine the construct validity of scores from the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale administered to mothers of infants in a neonatal intensive care unit. Two samples (n = 385 and n = 110) of mothers with infants in a neonatal intensive care unit in the south-central region of the United States completed the Postpartum Depression Screening Scale 2 weeks postpartum. Both samples were similar in race and education level but differed according to marital status. Study 1 was retrospective and descriptive, whereas study 2 was prospective and descriptive. In study 1, confirmatory factor analysis was used to evaluate the originally proposed 7-factor structure and a 1-factor model. Because of overly high correlations between 3 of the factors, a revised 5-factor model was also tested. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was again used to test the construct validity or goodness of fit of the 7-factor and 5-factor models. Goodness-of-fit indices and factor pattern coefficients. In study 1, high correlations between 3 of the factors in the 7-factor model did not converge. Thus, a 5-factor model was also tested. This model had reasonable fit: χ= 1339.70 (550); P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.85; root mean square error of approximation = 0.06; and 90% confidence interval for root mean square error of approximation = 0.058 to 0.067. In study 2, confirmatory factor analysis was again used to test the construct validity or goodness of fit of the 7-factor and 5-factor models. Results for the 7-factor model indicated unacceptable fit: χ (539) = 959.10; P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.76; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.09. The 5-factor model was also poor: χ (550) = 992.95; P < 0.01; comparative fit index = 0.75; and root mean square error of approximation = 0.09. Although the construct validity of the 7-factor model of the PDSS was not supported for this sample of mothers, additional factor analytic work was used to develop and provide initial validation of a 5-factor model. Future research should continue to explore the unique experiences of mothers in the NICU who experience postpartum depression.

Development and psychometric evaluation of the self-care of informal caregivers inventory

Cancer fatalism is the belief that cancer is uncontrollable and lethal. Individuals with less education are more likely to hold fatalistic beliefs about cancer, but the mechanism accounting for the relationship is unknown. We tested whether negative health information seeking experiences explain this relationship. Structural equation modeling was used to test this relationship across three datasets from the Health Information National Trends Survey. Across all datasets, the model showed good fit: Cycle 1 (coefficient of determination = .11, comparative fit index = .96, root mean square error of approximation = .047), Cycle 2 (coefficient of determination = .06, comparative fit index = .96, root mean square error of approximation = .046), and Cycle 3 (coefficient of determination = .08, comparative fit index = .95, root mean square error of approximation = .052). The link between lower education level and higher cancer fatalism was partially mediated by negative health information seeking experiences.

In this updated Self-Care of Coronary Heart Disease Inventory (SC-CHDI) v3.0, items were added to better reflect the theory of self-care of chronic illness and revised based on recent research. The expanded SC-CHDI now reflects the theoretical concepts of self-care maintenance, monitoring, and management. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the SC-CHDI v3.0. In a sample of adults with coronary heart disease, we tested the SC-CHDI v3.0 validity with confirmatory factor analysis. Reliability was calculated using Cronbach α, factor score determinacy coefficient, and global reliability index for multidimensional scales, with values > 0.70 considered adequate. The sample (n = 205) was predominantly male (79%) with a mean age of 65.3 ± 11.1 years. The self-care maintenance scale encompassed 2 distinct behaviors, namely, "illness related behaviors" and "health promoting behaviors," which reflect consulting and autonomous dimensions, respectively. The goodness-of-fit indices were adequate: χ2(25, N = 205) =31.86, P = .16, comparative fit index = 0.97, Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.95, root mean square error of approximation = 0.04 (90% confidence interval, 0.00-0.07), P = .705, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.045. Analysis of the new self-care monitoring scale yielded a single factor; goodness-of-fit indices were excellent: χ2(12, N = 205) =11.56, P = .48, comparative fit index = 1.00, Tucker-Lewis Index = 1.00, root mean square error of approximation < 0.001 (90% confidence interval, 0.000-0.07), P = .86, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.02. The self-care management scale had 2 dimensions of autonomous and consulting behavior with strong goodness-of-fit indices: χ2(7, N = 205) =6.57, P = .47, comparative fit index = 1.00, Tucker-Lewis Index = 1.00, root mean square error of approximation ≤ 0.001 (90% confidence interval, 0.00-0.08), P = .76, and standardized root mean square residual = 0.02. Reliability estimates were ≥0.80 for all scales. Our testing suggests that the SC-CHDI v3.0 is a sound measure of the essential elements of self-care for adults with coronary heart disease.

To examine the reliability and validity of the Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for evaluating depression in older adults. A total of 1546 participants aged ≥60 years were investigated face-to-face with the PHQ-9 and GDS-15 anonymously. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated with Cronbach's α, and structural equation modeling was used to study the construct validity of the scale. Logistic regression was used to discusses the impact of demographic characteristics on the scale. The consistency rate between the GDS-15 and PHQ-9 was 96.10%. The Cronbach's α and split-half reliability in the scales were >0.7. The model fit indices χ2 /df., comparative fit index and root mean square error of approximation in the GDS-15 were 2.769, 0.815 and 0.077, respectively. The minimum fit function χ2 in the PHQ-9 model was 93.742, with 27 df., the comparative fit index was acceptably low (comparative fit index 0.837) and the root mean square error of approximation was acceptably high (root mean square error of approximation 0.118). Item standardized path regression coefficients of the GDS-15 model varied between 0.07 and 0.76, among which the coefficients of item 2 and item 9 were 0.12 and 0.07, respectively. Whereas in the PHQ-9, the item standardized path regression coefficients were high (r > 0.45), except for item 3 (r = 0.34). The GDS-15 was affected by urban-rural distribution (OR = 2.104, P = 0.027), whereas the PHQ-9 was affected by sex (OR = 4.266, P = 0.007). The similar psychometric performance of the PHQ-9, along with its ease of use and relative brevity, makes it attractive compared with the longer GDS-15 for use in Chinese older adults, whereas the influence of sex distribution on the PHQ-9 should be paid attention to. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2020; 20: 138-143.

Creativity is fundamental to the overall progress of humanity and hence identified as a key competence required for being successful in the 21st century. Teaching that nurtures creativity helps not only to unfold children’s creative potential but also to enhance the effectiveness of teaching. The essential step in helping teachers to learn the principles of creativity nurturing pedagogy is to measure creativity nurturing behaviour for teachers and develop it through training. Assessment of teachers’ ability to nurture creativity is much needed. In this research we measured the creativity nurturing behaviour of 2006 teachers from various countries across global with creativity nurturing behaviour scale for teachers and analyzed the four-factor model’s reliability, validity and measurement invariance across gender and countries. The following values were obtained: Cronbach’s alpha (0.75, 0.70, 0.72, 0.79), composite reliability (0.76, 0.72, 0.701, 0.784), configural invariance (comparative fit index: 0.913, root mean square error of approximation: 0.063 and standardized root mean square residual: 0.662), metric invariance (obtained value in comparative fit index: 0.912, root mean square error of approximation: 0.061 and standardized root mean square residual: 0.52) and scalar invariance (obtained value in comparative fit index: 0.909, root mean square error of approximation: 0.064 and standardized root mean square residual: 0.7). The results of the study show that creativity nurturing behaviour scale for teachers is a valid and reliable scale which is invariant across gender and countries. Hence, the scale can be administered to measure the creativity nurturing behaviour of teachers and its results can be employed to identify the developmental needs of teachers to foster creativity in the classroom. This first scale for teachers is translated into Hindi, Arabic, Spanish, English, Turkish, and Persian.

Measurement Properties of the Barthel Index in Geriatric Rehabilitation

Validity and Reliability of the European Foot and Ankle Society (EFAS) Score in Patients With Hallux Valgus in Singapore

The Double-Edged Sword Effects of Career Calling on Occupational Embeddedness: Mediating Roles of Work–Family Conflict and Career Adaptability

Entrepreneurship is increasingly being recognized as a solution to the challenges of the market economy, especially in the medical field. The study used a cross-sectional descriptive method with convenience sampling for data collection. The study employed random sampling for convenience based on output questions and in accordance with sampling cri-teria for the Mekong Delta provinces. The data was analyzed with SPSS version 20.0. This is done by calculating the Cronbach's Alpha coefficient and applying the Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) method to identify the main factors, thereby determining the official set of questions for the study. EFA is used to find the relationship between independent and dependent variables, as these variables can affect the final results. Gender: Females constitute 70.7% of the participants, while males make up 29.3%. Occupation: The majority of participants are pharmacists, accounting for 74.7% in the medical field. Business orientation: Among the businesses targeted by the partici-pants, trading businesses account for 48.6%. The CFA results indicated good model fit: Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.945; Compara-tive Fit Index = 0.950, Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.817 (> 0.8), Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.069 (< 0.08), and Chi-Square Minimum Discrepancy divided by Degrees of Freedom = 4.980 (< 5), indicating a good fit with the actual data. The Structural Equation Modeling results include the following fit indexes: Chi-Square Minimum Discrepancy = 4.590; Comparative Fit Index = 0.955; Tucker-Lewis Index = 0.950; Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.837; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.066; and Adjusted Goodness-of-Fit Index = 0.809. Entrepreneurial capacity factor and opportunities have a statistically significant impact on start-up intention, with significance levels <0.05. Based on the research results, it is evident that the majority of medical staff surveyed recognize the importance of starting a business and have equipped themselves with relevant knowledge. According to the analysed data, the study indicates that entrepreneurial capacity and opportunity factors influence startup intentions. Therefore, developing these factors for each medical staff member is crucial for successful startups. Measures should be implemented to support and foster the entrepreneurial spirit among healthcare professionals in the Mekong Delta and throughout Vietnam.

Introduction The validity and reliability of the Japanese Interest Checklist for the Elderly were examined. Method 687 participants responded, using the new scale system: ‘currently participate based on interest,’ ‘participate less because of health status’ or ‘no interest.’ The convergent and discriminant validity of the factorial structure were examined using two-stage Confirmatory Factor Analysis approaches. The discriminant validity and reliability of the scale system were examined using two-stage Item Response Theory approaches. Results The first Confirmatory Factor Analysis stage indicated values representing good (factor loadings: 0.99–0.75; Comparative Fit Index: 0.99; Tucker-Lewis Index: 0.98) to adequate (Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.054) fit levels. Both the discriminant validity and convergent validity were identified to be high. The second Confirmatory Factor Analysis stage with a Path analysis and consideration of age and gender indicated values representing a good fit (factor loadings: 0.99–0.78; Comparative Fit Index: 0.99; Tucker-Lewis Index: 0.98; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.048). The first Item Response Theory stage indicated the values for the discriminant validity in the expected ranges; however, it displayed lower reliability in some activities. The second Item Response Theory state with the latent-class model-based multi-group Item Response Theory confirmed the pattern of invariance. Conclusion The factorial structure was valid across different groups of people. The scale system has to be improved.

PurposeTo identify the best internal structure of the Brazilian version of the Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), comparing different instrument structures (structural validity) and correlating the scores of the versions (criterion validity).MethodsWe included Brazilian volunteers, aged ≥ 18 years, with patellofemoral pain (PFP) for at least 3 months. We used the confirmatory factor analysis and considered the following fit indices: chi-square/degrees of freedom (DF), comparative fit index (CFI), Tucker-Lewis index (TLI), root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). We considered the structure with the lowest values of the Akaike information criterion (AIC), sample size adjusted Bayesian information criterion (SABIC), and assessed criterion validity using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) to correlate the long and short versions.ResultsThe study included 101 participants, mostly women (65.3%), young adults (~ 31 years old), overweight (BMI > 25 kg/m2), incomplete higher education (37.6%), and physically active (64.4%). The original 1-domain, 13-item structure showed adequate fit indices (chi-square/GL < 3.00, TLI and CFI > 0.90, and RMSEA < 0, 08). However, items 11 and 12 had a factorial load of less than 0.23. Therefore, we excluded items 11 and 12 and found adequate fit indices (chi-square/GL < 3.00, TLI and CFI > 0.90, and RMSEA < 0, 08) and lower AIC and SABIC values. We observed a correlation coefficient above the acceptable cutoff of 0.70 (r = 0.966, p-value < 0.001) between the versions.ConclusionThe 11-item AKPS (without items 11 and 12) is the version with the most adequate internal structure and correlates satisfactorily with the long version of the instrument.

Introduction: Establish content and structural validity, internal consistency, inter-rater reliability, and measurement error of the physical and cognitive scales of the Utrecht Scale for Evaluation clinical Rehabilitation (USER) in geriatric rehabilitation. Material and methods: First, an expert consensus-meeting (N=7) was organised for content validity wherein scale content validity index (CVI) was measured. Second, in a sample of geriatric rehabilitation patient structural validity (N=616) was assessed by confirmatory factor analyses for exploring unidimensionality. Cut-off criteria were: Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) ≤0.08; Comparative Fit Index (CFI) and Tucker Lewis Index (TLI) ≥0.95. Local independence (residual correlation<0.20) and monotonicity (Hi-coefficient ≥0.30 and Hs-coefficient ≥0.50) were also calculated. Cronbach alphas were calculated for internal consistency. Alpha's > 0.7 was considered adequate.Third, two nurses independently administered the USER to 37 patients. Intraclass-correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated for inter-rater reliability (IRR), standard error of measurement (SEM) and Smallest Detectable Change (SDC). Results: The CVI for physical functioning was moderate (0.73) and excellent for cognitive functioning (0.97). Structural validity physical scale was acceptable (CFI;0.95, TLI;0.93, RMSEA;0.07, ECV;0.78, OmegaH;0.87; Monotonicity;(Hi;0.52-0.75 and Hs;0.63)). Cognitive scale was good (CFI;0.98, TLI;0.96, RMSEA;0.05, ECV;0.66 and OmegaH;0.90. Monotonicity;(Hi;0.30 –0.70 and Hs;0.61)). Cronbach's alpha were high: physical scale;0.92 and cognitive scale;0.94. Reliability physical scale ICC;0.94, SEM;5 and SDC;14 and cognitive scale ICC;0.88, SEM;5 and SDC;13. Conclusion: The observational scales of the USER have shown sufficient content and structural validity, internal consistency, and interrater reliability for measuring physical and cognitive function in geriatric rehabilitation. Trial registration: N/A

Purpose: of the study was to examine the validity of the Army Combat Fitness Test tests on a sample of air defense personnel in the Ukrainian Ground Forces. Material and methods. The respondents to this study were 271 air defense servicemen of the ground forces aged 18 to 40 years (73 cadets of the Ivan Kozhedub Kharkiv National Air Force University and 198 military personnel). The structural validity was evaluated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Results. Compliance was achieved with the two-factor model obtained in the course of exploratory factor analysis, as evidenced by the following indixes: χ2 (8, Critical N = 465.29) = 10.43; χ2 / df = 1.303; Non-Normed Fit Index = 0.98; Normed Fit Index = 0.97; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.035 (90 Percent Confidence Interval for Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = (0.0; 0.088), Comparative Fit Index = 0.99. In addition, all factor loadings were statistically significant at the p &lt; 0.01 level, that indicates that these two factors were well designed at every stage. Correlation between factors was weak, which confirms the discriminant validity of the test. The significant correlation found between the items and the overall test score confirmed the validity of the test. Conclusions. It was found that Army Combat Fitness Test is a suitable tool for evaluating the physical fitness condition of air defense personnel into the Ground Forces. The dilemmas about the possible use of Army Combat Fitness Test for all age groups of military personnel regardless of gender require further study.

The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) was introduced in China in 2013 as one of the most important electronic health literacy measurement instruments. After a decade of development in China, it has received widespread attention, although its theoretical underpinnings have been challenged, thus demanding more robust research evidence of factorial validity and multigroup measurement properties. This study aimed to evaluate the Chinese version of the eHEALS in terms of its measurement properties. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in a university setting in China. Item statistics were checked for response distributions and floor and ceiling effects. Internal consistency reliability was confirmed with Cronbach α, split-half reliability, Cronbach α if an item was deleted, and item-total correlation. A total of 5 representative eHEALS factor structures were examined and contrasted using confirmatory factor analysis. The study used the item-level content validity index (I-CVI) and the average of the I-CVI scores of all items on the scale to assess the content validity of the dominance model. Furthermore, the validated dominance model was subsequently used to evaluate the relevance and representation of elements in the instrument and to assess measurement invariance across genders. A total of 972 respondents were identified, with a Cronbach α of .92, split-half reliability of 0.88, and item-total score correlation coefficients ranging from 0.715 to 0.781. Cronbach α if an item was deleted showed that all items should be retained. Acceptable content validity was supported by I-CVIs ≥0.80. The confirmatory factor analysis confirmed that the 3-factor model was acceptable. The measurement model met all relevant fit indices: average variance extracted from 0.663 to 0.680, composite reliability from 0.810 to 0.857, chi-square divided by the df of 4.768, root mean square error of approximation of 0.062, standardized root mean squared residual of 0.020, comparative fit index (CFI) of 0.987, and Tucker-Lewis index of 0.979. In addition, the scale demonstrated error variance invariance (Δnormed fit index=-0.016, Δincremental fit index=-0.012, ΔTucker-Lewis index=0.005, Δcomparative fit index=-0.012, Δrelative fit index=0.005, and Δroot mean square error of approximation=0.005). A 3-factor model of the Chinese version of the eHEALS fits best, and our findings provide evidence for the strict measurement invariance of the instrument regarding gender.