Advances in ion current detection technology for engine applications

This paper discusses the potential value of blockchain technology in the application of network security technology. Firstly, the challenges and problems faced by the current network security technology are analyzed. Then, combined with the advantages of blockchain technology, the specific application scenarios of blockchain technology in network security technology application are put forward, including identity authentication, data tamper prevention, secure communication and so on. Finally, the existing problems and development direction of blockchain technology in the application of network security technology are discussed. This paper aims to provide new ideas and methods for the research of network security technology application field.

Currently, there is an increasing demand for the diagnostic techniques that provide functional and morphological information with early cancer detection capability. Novel modern medical imaging systems driven by the recent advancements in technology such as terahertz (THz) and infrared radiation-based imaging technologies which are complementary to conventional modalities are being developed, investigated, and validated. The THz cancer imaging techniques offer novel opportunities for label free, non-ionizing, non-invasive and early cancer detection. The observed image contrast in THz cancer imaging studies has been mostly attributed to higher refractive index, absorption coefficient and dielectric properties in cancer tissue than that in the normal tissue due the local increase of the water molecule content in tissue and increased blood supply to the cancer affected tissue. Additional image contrast parameters and cancer biomarkers that have been reported to contribute to THz image contrast include cell structural changes, molecular density, interactions between agents (e.g., contrast agents and embedding agents) and biological tissue as well as tissue substances like proteins, fiber and fat etc. In this paper, we have presented a systematic and comprehensive review of the advancements in the technological development of THz technology for cancer imaging applications. Initially, the fundamentals principles and techniques for THz radiation generation and detection, imaging and spectroscopy are introduced. Further, the application of THz imaging for detection of various cancers tissues are presented, with more focus on the in vivo imaging of skin cancer. The data processing techniques for THz data are briefly discussed. Also, we identify the advantages and existing challenges in THz based cancer detection and report the performance improvement techniques. The recent advancements towards THz systems which are optimized and miniaturized are also reported. Finally, the integration of THz systems with artificial intelligent (AI), internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, big data analytics, robotics etc. for more sophisticated systems is proposed. This will facilitate the large-scale clinical applications of THz for smart and connected next generation healthcare systems and provide a roadmap for future research.

Due to the differences between the historical background, technological advancement, economic situation and population density between America and China, there are many differences between American and Chinese education systems. One of the differences is the applied technology in web application in education. By comparing the general technological situations in the two countries and the applied technology in web application in online education, web-facilitated education at college level, K-12 level and the developing prospects in the two countries, the article comes to the conclusion that applied technology in web application in American education is much more advanced than that in Chinese education. The web-related infrastructural construction in American educational institutions has almost come to a complete state and now more concern is on how to make full use of all the facilities and technology so as to achieve the best result, while China is still trying hard to make web-related facilities reach all the educational institutions and at the same time searching optimized ways of application. Insufficient financial support, lag in technology and deep-rooted traditional test-oriented teaching philosophy among teachers as well as parents are the greatest obstacles to the widening of applied technology in web application in education in China. Although government have been trying hard to deepen the application of internet technology in education by putting out a series of policies and starting a succession of projects and great progress has already been made and will be achieved, there is still a long way to go before it reach the present state of American applied technology in web application in education. However, to what extent and in what way should China apply internet technology in education should be carefully studied since there are so many cultural differences and national situations between China and America. A lot of research are to be done and the findings of researches already done about applied technology in web application in education world-wide should be learned so as to avoid waste and guarantee efficiency.

The 2016–2018National Invasive Species Council (NISC) Management Plan and Executive Order 13751 call for US federal agencies to foster technology development and application to address invasive species and their impacts. This paper complements and draws on an Innovation Summit, review of advanced biotechnologies applicable to invasive species management, and a survey of federal agencies that respond to these high-level directives. We provide an assessment of federal government capacities for the early detection of and rapid response to invasive species (EDRR) through advances in technology application; examples of emerging technologies for the detection, identification, reporting, and response to invasive species; and guidance for fostering further advancements in applicable technologies. Throughout the paper, we provide examples of how federal agencies are applying technologies to improve programmatic effectiveness and cost-efficiencies. We also highlight the outstanding technology-related needs identified by federal agencies to overcome barriers to enacting EDRR. Examples include improvements in research facility infrastructure, data mobilization across a wide range of invasive species parameters (from genetic to landscape scales), promotion of and support for filling key gaps in technological capacity (e.g., portable, field-ready devices with automated capacities), and greater investments in technology prizes and challenge competitions.

Researchers from the Asia-Pacific region are making significant contributions to the progress of biomedical engineering. In this special issue, we have collected innovative research articles from emerging investigators in the Asia-Pacific region. These articles showcase the latest advancements in technology for biomedical applications, focusing on drug delivery, disease diagnosis, and the invention of biomedical devices. The article is aimed to offer valuable insights and keep readers well-informed in the ever-changing field of biomedical engineering. Over the past few decades, there have been numerous breakthroughs in advanced technologies for biomedical applications. These advancements have formed the foundation for emerging fields such as RNA therapeutics, gene editing, and immunotherapy, enabling the resolution of various medical challenges, including COVID-19, genetic diseases, malignant tumors, and more. Furthermore, state-of-the-art biomedical technologies, including intelligent drug delivery systems, diagnostic imaging agents, and smart medical devices, are continually developed to prevent and treat life-threatening diseases from the bench to the bedside. Researchers in the Asia-Pacific region are making substantial contributions to this burgeoning field. A number of advanced biological therapeutics are first approved in Asia-Pacific countries, with numerous innovative pipelines undergoing preclinical or clinical-stage development. This special issue of Bioengineering & Translational Medicine (Volume 8, Issue 6) aims to showcase the innovative research originating from Asia-Pacific investigators in the fields of drug delivery, diagnosis, and medical devices. The presented advanced technologies for biomedical applications possess the potential to impact clinical practice. Drug delivery technologies help convert potential therapeutics into commercially valuable pharmaceutical products.1 Today there are a wide range of therapeutics including small molecules, proteins and peptides, antibodies, nucleic acids, as well as live cells. For example, Wang et al. decorated the photosensitizer tetraphenylethylene (TPE) with a cationic group and oligomeric ethylene glycol group, and the prepared compound OEO-TPE-MEM possesses superior antibacterial effects and biosafety than TPE.2 Tamura et al. developed a new therapeutic method utilizing CRISPR/Cas9-edited human-induced pluripotent stem cells to treat malignant glioma.3 However, some of these therapeutics are instable or quickly excreted in vivo while some cannot reach the target by themselves. The development of drug delivery systems is to tackle the mentioned challenges. Various drug delivery systems have been developed to precisely deliver small molecules to the right place while minimizing their off-target retention. For example, Zhang et al. synthesized halofuginone-loaded mesoporous platinum (mPt) nanoparticles for treating breast cancer. They successfully enhanced the therapeutic efficacy by combining the photothermal therapy of mPt nanocarriers and the extracellular matrix-remodeling effects of halofuginone.4 Yoo et al. prepared the thiamine pyrophosphate-decorated human serum albumin nanoclusters adsorbing doxorubicin or methotrexate to achieve the synergistic anti-tumor effects with cisplatin for osteosarcoma therapy.5 The electric-pulse-driven nanopore-electroporation system using the needle electrode was developed by Lee et al., which enables the precise and targeted intracellular delivery of small molecules into deep tissues.6 Luo et al. incorporated tannic acid, a naturally derived antimicrobial agent, into electrospun polyvinyl alcohol fibers for the healing of infected wounds.7 Yang et al. fabricated the peroxide-derived AgAu-based nanoboxes to treat Clostridioides difficile infection.8 Le et al. also reported an enzyme-responsive macrocyclam-metal complex to deliver gadolinium to tumor tissues for magnetic resonance imaging.9 Besides targeted delivery, drug delivery systems can also improve the in vivo stability of peptides, protein, nucleic acids, and even live cells. For example, Wu et al. modified strain Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 by CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing to obtain a novel strain, which showed neuroprotective effects against Parkinson's disease by delivering glucagon-like peptide-1 and restoring the disturbance of gut microbiota.10 Chang et al. employed cryomicroneedles to store and transdermally deliver dendritic cells and anti-PD-1 antibody, leading to the successful therapy of melanoma in a mouse model.11 Liao et al. applied ultrasound with microbubbles to improve the delivery of insulin-like growth factor 1 into inner ears.12 Jeon et al. fabricated a fucoidan-based complex coacervate-laden injectable hydrogel that enabled efficient entrapment and gradual release of interleukin-2, resulting in the enhancement of T-cell-based immunotherapies.13 Kim et al. designed a hybrid nanorod/nanodisk gel network that encapsulated indocyanine green (ICG), glucose oxidase (GOx), and copper (II) sulfate for synergetic tumor chemodynamic/starvation/photothermal therapy.14 Banstola et al. prepared ROS-responsive thioketal polymer-based nanoparticles for the simultaneous delivery of small molecules (doxorubicin and R848) and macrophage inflammatory protein-3 alpha, which were effective in treating breast cancer by inducing immunogenic cell death.15 Zhang et al. genetically fabricated the nano-melittin vesicles, which can further encapsulate chemotherapeutic drugs or nanoparticles for synergetic cancer therapy.16 Zhu et al. designed various nanobodies of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) proteins for sustained release of proteins, which provides a novel approach for chronic intravitreal administration of anti-VEGF proteins.17 Phung and colleagues prepared polymer-lipid hybrid nanoparticles that co-encapsulated LTX-315, a pioneering oncolytic cationic peptide, and TGF-β1 siRNA to enhance the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.18 Cai et al. prepared gold nanoparticles conjugated with internalizing-RGD peptide and loaded with siCDK7 for inducing immunotherapeutic responses against lung cancer.19 Kim et al. prepared piperazine-based ionizable lipid nanoparticles for the targeted delivery of mRNA to fibrotic lungs. This innovative approach enhanced the potency and safety of mRNA delivery compared with conventional lipid nanoparticles.20 Xu et al. developed a living prosthetic breast in the form of injectable gelatin methacryloyl microspheres. Zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) nanoparticles loaded with urolithin C and adipose-derived stem cells are encapsulated in the microspheres to inhibit tumor recurrence and promote tissue regeneration simultaneously.21 For the delivery of live cells, the nanostructured hydroxyapatite/alginate composite hydrogel was developed for the intestinal delivery of live microorganisms, and the hydrogel-based microdevice was prepared for the co-encapsulation of therapeutic microtissues and pro-angiogenic endothelial cells.22, 23 Disease diagnosis involves the detection and quantification of specific biological molecules that are closely related with the presence of a pathogen or the disease progress. Lin et al developed a phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance biosensor for the fast and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.24 Zheng et al designed a skin patch composing of swellable microneedles and electrochemical test strips to monitor the levels of glucose and alcohol inside the body.25 Li et al. reported a wearable wound dressing system for monitoring wound condition and sepsis-related biomarker procalcitonin in a real-time manner, which showed great potential for early sepsis diagnosis.26 A significant trend is the combination of medical diagnosis techniques with the power of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning and deep learning. For example, Tang et al. utilized an AI-empowered rapid object detector for real-time feedback control of magnetic digital microfluidics, which achieved automated in vitro diagnostics.27 Tostado et al. developed an AI-assisted single-cell phenomic-transcriptomic platform, which showed great potential in elucidating mechanisms and therapeutic targets against immune response.28 Misra et al. introduced novel deep learning-based techniques for segmenting lesions and distinguishing between benign and malignant cases by analyzing B-mode and strain elastography images.29 In another research direction, Yuan et al. utilized machine learning methods to predict the permeation of drugs through the microneedle-treated skin.30 Besides drug delivery and disease diagnosis, there are also many advancements in the development of medical devices, leading to significant improvements in patient outcomes and overall quality of life. For example, Tan et al. designed a palmar-side hand protector, which protected hands from microbial contamination like traditional gloves but significantly improved comfort and inconspicuousness.31 Song et al. and Koo et al. developed novel biomedical devices for the collection of saliva and the isolation of urinary circulating RNAs, respectively, resulting in a significant improvement in analytical performance.32, 33 Yu et al. prepared innovative acellular nerve allografts (ANAs), which could retain a higher concentration of extracellular matrix bioactive molecules and regenerative factors while efficiently eliminating cellular antigens. Applying these ANAs in peripheral nerve regeneration holds promise for clinical use.34 Yu et al. engineered a structurally organized bladder construct by integrating buccal mucosa graft with vascularized smooth muscle tissue, which facilitated the repair of functional bladder defects.35 This special issue emphasizes the cutting-edge technological advancements from the Asia-Pacific region for biomedical applications like drug delivery and disease diagnosis. We hope that this collection provides readers with valuable insights and inspires them to pursue further research to develop innovative technologies for biomedical applications.

This article provides an introduction to Fourier transform-based mass spectrometry. The key performance characteristics of Fourier transform-based mass spectrometry, mass accuracy and resolution, are presented in the view of how they impact the interpretation of measurements in proteomic applications. The theory and principles of operation of two types of mass analyzer, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance and Orbitrap, are described. Major benefits as well as limitations of Fourier transform-based mass spectrometry technology are discussed in the context of practical sample analysis, and illustrated with examples included as figures in this text and in the accompanying slide set. Comparisons highlighting the performance differences between the two mass analyzers are made where deemed useful in assisting the user with choosing the most appropriate technology for an application. Recent developments of these high-performing mass spectrometers are mentioned to provide a future outlook.

A century of advancement in entomopathogenic nematode formulation and application technology.

Event Abstract Back to Event Preclinical development of porous silicon nanocomposites for translational biomedical applications Hélder A Santos1 1 University of Helsinki, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Finland Novel engineering technologies affords unprecedented advances toward medical research. Personalized medicine offers the opportunity to respond to the questions of identifying the right nanomaterial for a particular therapy, reaching the right therapeutic target in the body at the right time, and simultaneously providing feedback as for its efficacy and undesired collateral effects. Nanoengineered biomaterials are of great interest in the context of the drive toward personalized medicine, and may prove to be the necessary catalyst for its large-scale implementation. In this work, prominent biomaterials, such as nanoporous silicon (pSi) biomaterials are presented and discussed as potential platforms for the individualization of medical intervention; these biomaterials are promising advanced drug delivery technologies for biomedical applications[1]-[8]. It is demonstrated that the surface biofunctionalization of these biomaterials using advanced technologies, such as click-chemistry, microfluidics, etc. Examples on how these materials can be used to enhance the bioavailability of drug/peptide molecules, demonstrating their cytocompatibility, in vivo biocompatibility, intracellular targeting (Figure 1), and theranostic applications, will also be presented and demonstrated. Applications for cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases of the developed pSi nanocomposites will be discussed and elucidated Figure 1: Intracellular targeting of pSi-modified nanoparticles prepared by the microfluidics technology for cancer therapy. The recent cutting-edge advances on pSi nanomaterials is anticipated to overcome some of the therapeutic window and clinical applicability of many drug/peptide molecules and can also act as innovative theranostic platform and tool for the clinic. The emergence of pSi theranostic systems are expected to convey substantial benefits to the field of drug delivery and cancer/diabetes/cardiovascular therapies as it offers a less invasive alternative compared to the conventional therapeutic strategies and, thereby, enhancing the expectancy and quality of life of the patients. The Academy of Finland (decisions no. 252215 and 281300), the University of Helsinki Research Funds, the Biocentrum Helsinki, and the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP/2007–2013, grant no. 310892) are highly acknowledge for financial support.

Improper disposal of municipal sewage sludge poses a significant threat to effective environmental protection. With the continuous advancement of artificial intelligence technology and the Internet of Things (IoT), remote sensing detection technology is emerging as a promising research avenue to address this issue. However, the current state of real-time detection technology is inadequate, hindering comprehensive and stable monitoring operation. Additionally, the rational use of network resources remains suboptimal. To address this challenge, this study proposes a resource optimisation technology for the current insufficient intelligent monitoring system of urban sewage sludge. By leveraging IoT and wireless technology, water meter data can be collected with minimal earth construction compared to traditional PLC collection. This is followed by utilising Faster R-CNN to plan the network transmission of sewage remote sensing information resources. Finally, the architecture collection module’s scalability is enhanced by incorporating edge computing and reserving sensor ports to meet future plant expansion demands. The experiment demonstrates the significant potential of this technology in application and resource optimisation. In actual parameter tracking tests, the proposed method effectively monitors sewage sludge, providing policy guidance and measure optimisation for relevant authorities, ultimately contributing to pollution-free urban development.

Photoacoustic (PA) imaging (PAI) represents an emerging modality within the realm of biomedical imaging technology. It seamlessly blends the wealth of optical contrast with the remarkable depth of penetration offered by ultrasound. These distinctive features of PAI hold tremendous potential for various applications, including early cancer detection, functional imaging, hybrid imaging, monitoring ablation therapy, and providing guidance during surgical procedures. The synergy between PAI and other cutting-edge technologies not only enhances its capabilities but also propels it toward broader clinical applicability. The integration of PAI with advanced technology for PA signal detection, signal processing, image reconstruction, hybrid imaging, and clinical applications has significantly bolstered the capabilities of PAI. This review endeavor contributes to a deeper comprehension of how the synergy between PAI and other advanced technologies can lead to improved applications. An examination of the evolving research frontiers in PAI, integrated with other advanced technologies, reveals six key categories named "PAI plus X." These categories encompass a range of topics, including but not limited to PAI plus treatment, PAI plus circuits design, PAI plus accurate positioning system, PAI plus fast scanning systems, PAI plus ultrasound sensors, PAI plus advanced laser sources, PAI plus deep learning, and PAI plus other imaging modalities. After conducting a comprehensive review of the existing literature and research on PAI integrated with other technologies, various proposals have emerged to advance the development of PAI plus X. These proposals aim to enhance system hardware, improve imaging quality, and address clinical challenges effectively. The progression of innovative and sophisticated approaches within each category of PAI plus X is positioned to drive significant advancements in both the development of PAI technology and its clinical applications. Furthermore, PAI not only has the potential to integrate with the above-mentioned technologies but also to broaden its applications even further.

The automobile industry has been using 3D printing for production and design purposes from the beginning. Companies can generate concept models, functioning prototypes, and production aids in a short amount of time if they have a quick turnaround rate. With this technology, today's modern technologies have advanced significantly beyond a prototype to fully manufacture 3D printed automobiles such as the Local Motors Strati concept car. Automotive manufacturers have additional choices for using 3D printing for applications with heat or wear limitations as more challenging, and more durable materials like Ultem, nylon, and carbon fiber become more widely accessible. This article provides insight into 3D printing in the automotive industry and its development in the present scenario. The paper discusses the application, implementation, and advanced technologies in 3D printing. It also provides observation and understanding to know the importance of 3D printing in the automotive industry.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to classify the possibilities of adopting general core technologies and application technologies to the fields of research on and application of psychological factors affecting football performance. Methods: This study was conducted on 12 PhDs including 8 Doctors of Sport psychology and 4 Doctors of Engineering. Data on the prospect of applications of general core technologies and application technologies (Advanced technologies) proposed by the joint governmental forum were reviewed based on mean and standard deviation. Results: First, within the next 10 years of the research on and application of psychological factors affecting football performance, it is looked forward that the possibilities(Pr) of applying Big data, Mobile, Artificial Intelligence were Very High, while the possibilities of applying Virtual Reality/Augmented Reality, Internet of Things, Cloud, Wearable, Cyber-Physical Systems, Intelligent sensors were High. However, the possibilities of the application were Low in the cases of Robotics, V2X, Blockchain, while New material, 3D Printing, Genetic scissors, Renewable energy had Very low possibilities of applications. Second, within the next 10 years of the research on and application of psychological factors affecting football performance, the possibilities(Pp) of applying advanced technologies to the fields of research on and application of Analyzing abilities, Learning capabilities, Condition, Practical Intelligence were Very High, while the possibility of applying advanced technologies to Concentration was High. However, the possibilities were Low in the cases of Creativity, Anxiety control, Communications with teammates, Communications with coaches, Burden control, and Pressure control. Will power, Confidence, Fighting spirit showed Very low possibilities of applications. Third, within the next 10 years, the possibilities of being applied the advanced technologies were in the order of Analyzing abilities, Learning capabilities, Condition, Practical intelligence, Concentration, Creativity, Anxiety control, Communications with teammates, Communications with coaches, Pressure control, Burden control, Will power, Confidence, and Fighting spirit. Fourth, within the next 10 years, Genetic scissors, New materials, and Renewable energy were unlikely to be applied to the fields of research on and application of the general psychological factors affecting football performance. Conclusion: We look forward to the active interests of our peers in sport psychology research and application in the Fourth Industrial Revolution and advanced technologies.

This year has seen an unprecedented worldwide pandemic that has been brought on by the rise of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which results in COVID-19 (coronavirus 2019) infections. COVID-19 has impacted every aspect of our lives and has required the world to rapidly mobilize to address all aspects of diagnosis and treatment of this disease. COVID-19 has brought to light the challenges of managing a completely novel infectious disease with existing diagnostics and therapeutics that were insufficient to stem the spread of COVID-19. Thus, the resources allotted toward research and development and the global cooperation of governments, scientists, and clinicians to address COVID-19 required a pace of innovation in healthcare that has never before been observed in order to address this new disease. As a result of this effort, innovations in technology to better understand, detect, and treat COVID-19 continue to be reported every day. Here at SLAS Technology, we felt it was important to highlight these advances in technology that have been made to better address all aspects of COVID-19 detection and treatment. We present here a special issue that reports how technology has been used to address COVID-19. The spread of COVID-19 across the world has shown that any hope for effective control of COVID-19 infection in the community requires the development of rapid and accurate methods for detecting COVID-19 infections. Applying existing and emerging viral detection technologies toward better COVID-19 diagnostics has resulted in incredible advances in pathogen detection innovations. Miniaturization assays that allowed for the accurate analysis and detection of SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid detection or host antibody response to COVID-19 have proven to be critical.1Zhu N. Wong P.K. Advances in Viral Diagnostic Technologies for Combating COVID-19 and Future Pandemics.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 513-521Google Scholar, 2Tan A.S. Nerurkar S.N. Tan W.C.C. et al.The Virological, Immunological, and Imaging Approaches for COVID-19 Diagnosis and Research.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 522-544Google Scholar, 3Karp D.G. Cuda D. Tandel D. et al.Sensitive and Specific Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies Using a High-Throughput, Fully Automated Liquid-Handling Robotic System.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 545-552Google Scholar While diagnostics initially required clinical laboratory tests, these technological advances have proven critical for field testing in the community or in less well-equipped remote diagnostic testing sites. In addition to advances in detecting COVID-19 infections, leveraging technology to better understand COVID-19 disease progression and immune response is critical to developing better therapies to combat this pandemic. As a result, the molecular mechanisms of COVID-19 infection, as well as an understanding of the critical immune responses and overall biological responses to COVID-19, have been uncovered in an amazingly short amount of time. Much of this has been a result of the use of critical technologies such as single-cell analysis technologies and advances in mass cytometry.2Tan A.S. Nerurkar S.N. Tan W.C.C. et al.The Virological, Immunological, and Imaging Approaches for COVID-19 Diagnosis and Research.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 522-544Google Scholar The last few years have seen a paradigm shift in the development and application of artificial intelligence (AI). This has been particularly true for life sciences and biomedical applications. In order to better understand and address COVID-19, AI has played a huge role in improving detection and therapeutic drug development. Of particular importance has been the development of multiple AI-based approaches toward improving COVID-19 detection through standard chest x-ray images.4Sekeroglu B. Ozsahin I. Detection of COVID-19 from Chest X-Ray Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 553-565Google Scholar,5Echtioui A. Zouch W. Ghorbel M. et al.Detection Methods of COVID-19.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 566-572Google Scholar Applying AI toward COVID-19 diagnostics through existing standard medical imaging allows for more rapid diagnosis through telemedicine and automated tools. As AI begins to pervade every aspect of medicine, it is inevitable that advances in AI technology will be important to overcoming this pandemic. It is now clear that COVID-19 is a unique infection that affects a wide range of biological systems. One of the most affected systems has been pulmonary function. The ability to treat COVID-19 patients has often required the use of ventilators, and the lack of sufficient ventilators has been linked to poorer outcomes. The paucity of ventilators available in comparison to COVID-19 infection rates led to a number of advances in ventilator technology to increase their production speed and portability while lowering their cost.6Fang Z. Li A.I. Wang H. et al.Ambubox: A Fast-Deployable Low-Cost Ventilator for COVID-19 Emergent Care.SLAS Technol. 2020; 25: 573-584Google Scholar These advances allow patients additional time to fight off infection as well as allow emerging therapies to work. This pandemic has adversely affected the lives of so many people in so many ways. But, it has also shown that when the global community comes together to collectively address a singular problem, amazing innovations in technology can happen that provide hope for a better future after the pandemic.

Environmental Fate and Safety Management of Agrochemicals discusses residue analysis, environmental fate and safety management, environmental risk assessment, metabolism, resistance and management, and advances in formulation and application technology from the academic, government, and industry perspective. Meaningful ecological and environmental risk assessment of pest control agents is possible only when accurate and credible metabolic and environmental fate data is available. The advent of affordable and sensitive liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) has greatly increased our ability to detect environmentally relevant metabolites and degradation products following the application of these materials. Furthermore, ecological risk assessment and monitoring of pesticide resistance in field populations has become more feasible and cost effective by employing hig-hroughout molecular diagnostic techniques on the genetic leve3l and LC/MS techniques on the proteomic and meabolomic levels. Efficient formulations and application technologies have greatly reduced the amount of materials that are required to achieve effective pest control and hence reduce their ecological and environmental impacts. Controlled release, stabilization and dispersion technologies have provided the pest manager with new tools that allow them to use necessary pest control options in best management strategies.

As technology advances, so do its diverse and creative inventions. One of those innovations includes smart wearable technology that goes by different names, such as AI-based smart wearable devices or smart wearables. This paper delves into the multifaceted landscape of smart wearable technology, focusing on its integration and susceptibility in lesser-explored domains such as education, healthcare, and health industrial applications. The paper explores smart wearables' evolution, highlighting their transformative impact on various educational analytics and application cases. It examines the benefits and risks associated with smart wearable technology in healthcare educational settings, shedding light on its widespread adoption's potential opportunities and challenges. By analyzing these aspects, this paper aims to provide insights into the modern-age susceptibility to compact smart wearables and propose measures to address security concerns while harnessing the potential of smart wearable technology for healthcare educational analytics and applications.