Abstract
The discovery and identification of biomarkers promote the rational and fast development of medical diagnosis and therapeutics. Clinically, the application of ideal biomarkers still is limited due to the suboptimal technology in biomarker discovery. Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules and can selectively bind to varied targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibody, aptamers have desirable advantages, such as flexible design, easy synthesis and convenient modification with different functional groups. Currently, different aptamer-based technologies have been developed to facilitate biomarker discovery, especially CELL-SELEX and SOMAScan technology. CELL-SELEX technology is mainly used to identify cell membrane surface biomarkers of various cells. SOMAScan technology is an unbiased biomarker detection method that can analyze numerous and even thousands of proteins in complex biological samples at the same time. It has now become a large-scale multi-protein biomarker discovery platform. In this review, we introduce the aptamer-based biomarker discovery technologies, and summarize and highlight the discovered emerging biomarkers recently in several diseases.
Highlights
Biological markers, named as biomarkers, are usually considered as indicators of specific biological conditions in normal and pathogenic processes, or possible pharmacologic responses to therapeutics (Aronson and Ferner, 2017)
As discussed in this review, researchers have discovered numerous biomarkers based on aptamer to be predictive, diagnostic or prognostic tools in various diseases, such as nasopharyngeal carcinoma, pancreatic cancer, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so on
These studies suggest that aptamer-based biomarkers discovery broadens the road and increases the sensitivity to explore novel biomarkers
Summary
Biological markers, named as biomarkers, are usually considered as indicators of specific biological conditions in normal and pathogenic processes, or possible pharmacologic responses to therapeutics (Aronson and Ferner, 2017).
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