Abstract
Cotton fiber is an extremely elongated single cell derived from the ovule epidermis and is an ideal model for studying cell development. The plasma membrane is tremendously expanded and accompanied by the coordination of various physiological and biochemical activities on the membrane, one of the three major systems of a eukaryotic cell. This review compiles the recent progress and advances for the roles of the membrane in cotton fiber development: the functions of membrane lipids, especially the fatty acids, sphingolipids, and phytosterols; membrane channels, including aquaporins, the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, vacuolar invertase, and plasmodesmata; and the regulation mechanism of membrane proteins, such as membrane binding enzymes, annexins, and receptor-like kinases.
Highlights
Cotton (G. hirsutum L.) is the world’s most important natural fiber for the textile industry and a mainstays of the global economy [1]
The lipids consist of phospholipids, sphingolipids and sterols, of which the phospholipids are the main components of the lipid bilayer [7,8], while sphingolipids and sterols are enriched in microdomains in the plasma membrane (PM), called membrane lipid raft [9], and their predominant role is to maintain its structural integrity
Sucrose synthase (SuSy) has always been considered to be a cytoplasmic enzyme, and in the development of cotton fiber, at least half of SuSy is tightly associated with the PM, which might channel carbon directly from sucrose to glucan implying that SuSy might have some role in cell wall synthesis [53]
Summary
Cotton (G. hirsutum L.) is the world’s most important natural fiber for the textile industry and a mainstays of the global economy [1]. Plasmodesmata (PDs) are tight membrane contact sites and channels that extend through the cell wall to establish both membrane and cytosolic continuity and serve as conduits for the transport of proteins, small RNAs, hormones, and metabolites during development and defense signaling. They play essential roles in controlling cell-to-cell connectivity [13]. We summarize this research from three aspects: the functions of membrane lipids in cotton fiber growth, the roles of membrane channels in cotton fiber development, and the regulation mechanism of membrane proteins in fiber development
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