Advancements in Retinoblastoma Treatment: Unraveling the Potential of Intravitreal Chemotherapy.

Abstract

Retinoblastoma necessitates urgent attention due to itspotential fatality if untreated. Multiple treatment options are available and should be employed according to size, location, and the extent of dissemination. This reviewemphasizes the need for increased awareness, advanced diagnostic tools, and innovative treatmentapproaches, especially intravitreal chemotherapy (IVitC) to address the diverse manifestations and aggressive nature of retinoblastoma.Timely diagnosis and commitment to treatment are pivotal, as delays and reluctance to undergo enucleationcontribute to unfavorable outcomes. The evolving treatment landscape, spanning from traditionalinterventions to modern targeted therapies such as intravitreal melphalan, holds promise for improvedoutcomes. While the intravitreal approach presents challenges, ongoing research aims to establish itsdefinitive role in retinoblastoma treatment. In the treatment of retinoblastoma, IVitCraises considerations about side effects. The risk of tumor spread beyond the eye is rare, emphasising thepotential of IVitC in carefully selected cases. Intravitreal injections exhibit fewer localadverse effects compared to intra-arterial chemotherapy, with careful measures reducing significant ocularcomplications. The evaluation of ocular toxicity, particularly with melphalan, underscores the importance ofa nuanced approach to achieve the right balance between therapeutic efficacy and ocular safety. This comprehensive analysis of studies on IVitC and its ocular and systemic complications provides valuable insights for enhanced patient care. The review concludes with a focus on balancingsafety and efficacy in local chemotherapeutic drugs, highlighting the need for thoughtful measures andcontinued research to optimise treatment modalities globally.