Advancements in Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques for Crop Yield Prediction: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Agriculture is the crucial pillar and basic building block of our nation. Agriculture plays a key role as the major source of revenue for our nation. Farming is the primary financial source of India. Abrupt environmental changes affect crop yield prediction. Unpredictable climate changes, lack of water resources, deficiency of nutrients, depletion of soil fertility, unbalanced irrigation systems, and conventional farming techniques are the major causes of crop yield prediction. Today, AI, the use of machine learning, and deep learning techniques provide an achievable solution to improve crop yields. The key intent of the survey is to accurately predict and improve crop yield by combining agricultural statistics with machine learning and deep learning models. To accomplish this, we have surveyed the optimization algorithms implemented in conjunction with the Random Forest and Cat Boost models. A survey made across multiple databases to determine the effectiveness of crop yield prediction and analysis was performed on the included articles. The survey results show that a hybrid CNN DNN and RNN model with optimization algorithms outperforms the other existing traditional models.