Translate 
Abstract
The widespread use of high-energy–density lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) in new energy vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems has intensified safety concerns, especially regarding the safe and reliable operation of large battery packs composed of hundreds of individual cells. This review begins with an analysis of the causes and failure mechanisms, and then continues with an examination of the many connections and influences among different factors to elucidate the complex and unpredictable issues of LIB safety. The analysis includes examples of large-scale battery failures to illustrate how failures propagate within extensive battery networks, highlighting the unique challenges associated with monitoring the safety of large-scale battery packs. Subsequently, a comparative assessment of numerous detection technologies is further conducted to underscore the challenges encountered in battery safety detection, particularly in large-scale battery systems. Additionally, the paper discusses the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in addressing battery safety concerns, explores the future trajectory of safety detection technology, and outlines the necessity and foundational framework for constructing smart battery management systems (BMSs). The discussion focuses on how AI and smart BMSs can be tailored to manage the complexities of large-scale battery packs, enabling real-time monitoring and predictive maintenance to prevent catastrophic failures.Graphical
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most advanced and widely used battery technology due to their high energy density and long cycle life [1–7]
While material innovations are likewise essential for enhancing the intrinsic safety of LIBs, this review focuses on the advancements in battery safety detection
By inspecting pouch-type lithium iron phosphate (LFP) batteries, they analyzed various ultrasonic characteristics, including time of flight (TOF) and signal amplitude (SA), under different aging rates. These acoustic features effectively correlated with the state of charge (SOC) of LIBs and cycle aging, the TOF parameter, which was highly sensitive to the SOC; the linear relationship indicated a slope of approximately 0.38 μs for one percent of SOC (Fig. 11e)
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are currently the most advanced and widely used battery technology due to their high energy density (up to 750 Wh L−1) and long cycle life (ranging from 1 000 to 6 000 cycles) [1–7]. It is estimated that by 2050, the global lithium inventory allocated to electric vehicles (EVs) and battery storage systems alone will reach 14.02 million tons [11]. The World Economic Forum forecasts that global demand for batteries will increase to 2 600 GWh by 2030, driven by expanding adoption of lithium-ion technologies [12]. These projections underscore the critical role that LIBs play in modern society, highlighting their significance for achieving sustainable energy goals and addressing future energy challenges
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Paper version not known (
Free)
Published Version
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
