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Abstract
ABSTRACT Petroleum refinery processes generate large quantities of wastewater, containing various harmful and toxic organic compounds, which are recalcitrant substances that are hardly degraded by conventional methods such as biological and membrane processes. Advanced oxidation processes are the best solution for treating petroleum refinery wastewater (PRW) due to the co-existence of hydroxyl radicals, which act as powerful oxidizing agents. Among these processes, electro-Fenton (EF), photocatalytic processes, and their combination have been regarded as efficient options due to their synergistic effect. This review describes the fundamentals of each process and the main operating parameters that affect their performance. Furthermore, the combined process is outlined, focusing on its benefits and the most relevant studies in this field. According to the results of most lab-scale studies conducted previously, the hybrid process was found to be more efficient in eliminating chemical oxygen demand (COD) from PRW compared to the individual processes, in terms of both elimination efficacy and energy consumption. This review provides a comprehensive overview of combining the EF process with photocatalytic processes to treat PRW, identifying key contributions while also highlighting the gaps that remain unexplored.
Published Version
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