Abstract
Traditional manufacturing processes such as casting and machining are being largely replaced by the advanced manufacturing techniques such as ALM and MIM in the bio-implant manufacturing sector due to their design flexibility, minimum wastage of raw materials, power efficiency, ability to produce complex porous structures and accuracy. These techniques suffer from drawbacks due to their high market cost and low surface finish of the implant produced. Porous titanium implants/scaffolds are being extensively manufactured by these advanced techniques due to their high strength, high corrosion resistance, better surface characteristics for bio attachments and biocompatibility. By making porous, the density and strength of the bio scaffolds/implants can be matched with the surrounding tissues and bones for greater grip and provisions for bone in-growth. In this paper, the current designing and production methods of porous titanium bio implants and scaffolds are being described in detail. In the designing phase of the implants, topology optimization is playing a crucial role in increasing the flexibility in design by eliminating the need fortrial and error method for improved biocompatibility and mechanical property.
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