Abstract
Owning to their very high theoretical capacity, lithium metal anodes are expected to fuel the extensive practical applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles. However, unstable solid electrolyte interphase and lithium dendrite growth during lithium plating/stripping induce poor safety, low Coulombic efficiency, and short span life of lithium metal batteries. Lately, varies of micro/nanostructured lithium metal anodes are proposed to address these issues in lithium metal batteries. With the unique surface, pore, and connecting structures of different nanomaterials, lithium plating/stripping processes have been regulated. Thus the electrochemical properties and lithium morphologies have been significantly improved. These micro/nanostructured lithium metal anodes shed new light on the future applications for lithium metal batteries.
Highlights
Expected to fuel the extensive practical applications in portable electronics and electric vehicles
The dendrite growth results in two critical problems: Battery energy storage system has achieved great success in (1) Dendrites may impale the membrane to the cathode side, the portable electronics and electronic vehicles.[1]
The serious safety concern and poor lifespan of lithium metal anode have hindered the commercial applications of next-generation energy storage systems with high theoretical energy density (Li-air batteries, Li-sulfur batteries, future Li-ion batteries, etc.)
Summary
Conventional graphitic anodes, 372 mA h g−1) and an excellent reversibility for over 1000 charge/discharge cycles with the Coulombic efficiencies above 99%.[47]. Such anode duced as a 3D conductive interlayer between the separator and exhibited low dimension variation (≈20%) during cycling and the lithium metal anode by Kim and co-workers[58] to improve good mechanical flexibility.[53] To create a lithium composite the reversibility of the lithium metal anode (Figure 4e) Such nanostructured lithium metal anode, Cui’s group has introduced conductive microstructured lithium metal anode with random a facile melt-infusion approach to effectively encapsulate lithium pore structures can be operate at a high current density of inside a porous carbon scaffold with Si coated lithiophilic layer 10 mA cm−2 with a small polarization of only 30 mV.[58]. They explored the nucleation pattern of lithium on high Coulombic efficiency, and an unprecedented cycling life to various metal substrates and proposed that there was no over- 2000 cycles beyond plate lithium metal in high-energy-density potential to nucleate lithium metal on Au, Ag, Zn, or Mg, with metallic Li-S batteries.[60,61]
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