Abstract
Photosynthetic microalgae are being recognized as propitious source for sustainable production of bio-based fuels particularly biodiesel. Oleaginous microalgae possess inherent capability to accumulate high amounts of lipids (mostly as triacylglycerols) under adverse physiological conditions, which can be transesterified to form biodiesel. Since the last decade, research is being focused on finding targets to increase the biomass and lipid productivity of microalgae contributing to large-scale cultivation feasibility. In this regard, algal omics plays a vital role in categorizing regulatory pathways responsible for increasing the lipid accumulation in microalgae leading to identification of suitable targets for genetic engineering. Metabolic engineering of microalgal strains improves the control over growth and lipid pathways resulting in more reproducible and predictable systems compared to the wild-type strains. The present chapter is a comprehensive catalogue of algal omics including transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics studies carried out for augmenting lipid accumulation in different microalgal strains under various physiological conditions. The chapter substantiates the rationale for transgenic microalgae and the requisite of integrated genome editing and synthetic biology approach for custom designing of lipid accumulation in microalgae for biodiesel production.
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