Advanced energetics of a Multiple Effects Evaporation (MEE) desalination plant: Part I: 2nd principle analysis by a zooming representation at single-effect level

Advanced exergy and exergoeconomic analysis of a novel liquid carbon dioxide energy storage system

Energy harvesting and storage technologies are at the forefront of the global push towards sustainable and renewable energy solutions. This abstract delves into the significant role that solid-state materials play in revolutionizing energy conversion and storage processes. The focus lies on the utilization of nanomaterials to enhance energy storage capabilities and the groundbreaking advancements in renewable energy technologies. The first section of this abstract explores the importance of solid-state materials in energy conversion processes. These materials serve as the backbone of energy-harvesting devices by effectively converting various energy sources, such as sunlight, heat, and mechanical vibrations, into usable electrical energy. Their versatility, reliability, and scalability make them essential in powering diverse applications, from small-scale wearable devices to large-scale industrial power generation. The second section highlights the critical role of nanomaterials in advancing energy storage technologies. Nanoscale engineering has opened up new avenues to enhance the performance of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors. Nanomaterials offer increased surface area, improved charge transport, and enhanced electrochemical properties, leading to higher energy densities, faster charging times, and longer lifespans for energy storage devices. Renewable energy technologies form the core of the final section of this abstract. With the ever-increasing demand for sustainable energy sources, advancements in renewable energy technologies are vital to ensure a cleaner and greener future. Solid-state materials have driven significant progress in this area by enabling the development of more efficient solar cells, advanced wind energy systems, and innovative piezoelectric and thermoelectric devices. The abstract concludes with an outlook on the future prospects of energy harvesting and storage materials. While solid-state nanomaterials have already made significant contributions to the renewable energy landscape, ongoing research and development hold immense potential for further breakthroughs. The integration of nanotechnology, artificial intelligence, and other emerging technologies promises to push the boundaries of energy conversion and storage capabilities, ultimately accelerating the transition towards a sustainable energy future. In summary, this abstract sheds light on the pivotal role of solid-state materials in revolutionizing energy harvesting and storage technologies. The use of nanomaterials enhances energy storage capabilities, while advancements in renewable energy technologies underscore the importance of sustainable energy solutions. By fostering continuous innovation and collaboration, the energy industry can harness the full potential of solid-state materials to address the global challenges of energy sustainability and climate change.

Marine diesel engine plays the dominate role on the merchant ship power supply field, which is responsible for 3.1% of global CO2 emissions. As one third of the energy is wasted along with the exhaust gas, heat recovery of marine diesel exhaust is an effective way of improving the thermal efficiency of entire power system. The temperature of marine diesel exhaust ranges from 250°C to 550°C, and this medium/low-grade heat source can be recovered by thermodynamic cycle technology. The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) is most commonly used in medium/low-grade waste heat recovery because of its simple structure. However, ORC utilizes the pure organic compound as the working fluid, and the evaporation of the pure organic compound experiences with isothermal and isobaric process, resulting in a relatively high temperature difference of heat transfer between the heating source and working fluid, which ultimately limits the thermal efficiency of ORC. In comparison, the Zeotropic Organic Rankine Cycle (ZORC), which utilizes the zeotropic mixture and working fluid, is proved competitive for the temperature slip phenomenon in its evaporation process. Besides, the heat transfer in the condenser will get worse due to the liquid accumulating on the condensation wall, leading to a larger heat exchange area requirement. Therefore, the liquid-separation condensation method is investigated to reduce the heat exchange area of condenser. In this study, both the multi-pressure evaporation and liquid-separation condensation processes are introduced to improve the ZORC performance. Working fluid selection for the ORC and ZORC with a wide range of marine diesel exhaust temperature is conducted, with corresponding evaporation temperature ranges between 100°C and 200°C. The proportion analysis for different kinds of zeotropic organic mixture is made to obtain the optimized working fluid under the given evaporation temperature by 200°C. Cyclopentane-toluene (0.55–0.45) can reach the highest efficiency with 19.76%. Moreover, thermodynamic analysis based on the first law and second law of thermodynamics are made to reveal the thermal efficiency, output work and exergy efficiency of these cycle, as well as the exergy destruction in each component. In addition, the dryness of mixture at the liquid-separation point in the condensation process, which reveals the position of the liquid-separation outlet in the condenser, is discussed. The results show that the major exergy destruction occur in the evaporation and condensation processes. With the assistance of multi-pressure evaporation and liquid-separation condensation processes, the exergy destruction in the heat exchangers is decreased by 17.09%∼21.61%.

Desalination can provide additional water resources in water‐stressed zones and also in zones suffering from water pollution or insufficient/overexploited groundwater. This study carried out the energy and exergy assessments of a multi‐effect desalination unit driven by a gas turbine based on the specific exergy cost (SPECO) approach. The chemical exergies of brine and seawater are explicitly considered (most studies consider the same specific heat for input seawater and output brine). In addition, the enthalpy of each flow of the desalination unit is considered according to its salt concentration (results are then compared to the constant specific heat model). The highest exergy rates of fuel and product are obtained at the combustion chamber, and its exergy efficiency is 67.83%. The lowest exergy efficiencies were obtained at the condenser, followed by the first effect of the desalination unit, and the heat recovery steam generator. The overall exergy efficiency of the multi‐effect distillation unit is 21.49%. Regarding exergy destruction, as expected, the highest rate was obtained at the combustion chamber, which contributed with 41% to the overall exergy destruction, followed by the regenerator and heat recovery steam generator, with contributions of 16% and 11%, respectively, to overall exergy destruction.

Exergy analysis of a high-temperature-steam-driven, varied-pressure, humidification–dehumidification system coupled with reverse osmosis

Modeling, optimization, and control of ship energy systems using exergy methods

Optimal exergy control of building HVAC system

This paper presents an exergy analysis of an actual two-pass (RO) desalination system with the seawater solution treated as a real mixture and not an ideal mixture. The actual 127 ton/h two pass RO desalination plant was modeled using IPSEpro software and validated against operating data. The results show that using the (ERT) and (PX) reduced the total power consumption of the SWRO desalination by about 30% and 50% respectively, whereas, the specific power consumption for the SWRO per m3 water decreased from 7.2 kW/m3 to 5.0 kW/m3 with (ERT) and 3.6 kW/m3 with (PX). In addition, the exergy efficiency of the RO desalination improved by 49% with ERT and 77% with PX and exergy destruction was reduced by 40% for (ERT) and 53% for (PX). The results also showed that, when the (ERT) and (PX) were not in use, accounted for 42% of the total exergy destruction. Whereas, when (ERT) and (PX) are in use, the rejected seawater account maximum is 0.64%. Moreover, the (PX) involved the smallest area and highest minimum separation work.

Exergy losses in a multiple-effect stack seawater desalination plant

Exergy analysis of a combined RO, NF, andEDR desalination plant

Enhanced exergy analysis of a full-scale brackish water reverse osmosis desalination plant

A molecular dynamics investigation on the effects of electrostatic forces on nanoscale thin film evaporation

Advanced exergy analyses of modified ethane recovery processes with different refrigeration cycles

Thermodynamic evaluation of irreversibility and optimum performance of a concentrated PV-TEG cogenerated hybrid system

Advanced energetics of a Multiple-Effects-Evaporation (MEE) desalination plant. Part II: Potential of the cost formation process and prospects for energy saving by process integration