Abstract
This study investigated the application of an advanced electrooxidation process with three-dimensional tin oxide deposited onto a titanium plate anode, named 3-D Ti/SnO2, for the degradation and mineralization of one of the most important emerging contaminants with cytostatic properties, doxorubicin (DOX). The anode was synthesized using a commercial Ti plate, with corrosion control in acidic medium, used as a substrate for SnO2 deposition by the spin-coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses revealed that porous SnO2 was obtained, and the rutile phase of TiO2 was identified as an intermediary substrate onto the Ti plate. The results of CV analysis allowed us to determine the optimal operating conditions for the electrooxidation process conducted under a constant potential regime, controlled by the electron transfer or the diffusion mechanisms, involving hydroxyl radicals. The determination of UV–VIS spectra, total organic carbon (TOC), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) allowed us to identify the degradation mechanism and pathway of DOX onto the 3-D Ti/SnO2 anode. The effective degradation and mineralization of DOX contained in water by the electrooxidation process with this new 3-D dimensionally stable anode (DSA) was demonstrated in this study.
Highlights
Active compounds (PhACs) are included into the category of emerging pollutants present in water, and their presence has been reported in every aqueous ecosystem
The main source of pharmaceuticals is represented by wastewaters from hospitals, manufacturing aquaculture facilities, and landfill leachate, which are in generally discharged into municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTP)
The results indicate that the spherical throughand themicrostructural deposition of six which indicate that the SnO2 f mesoporous nature of thelayers, SnO2 films was obtained from the optimized tin gel deposited onto the corroded
Summary
Active compounds (PhACs) are included into the category of emerging pollutants present in water, and their presence has been reported in every aqueous ecosystem. Considering that cancer isone of the most serious diseases diffused in the world, it is obviously that the consumption of cytostatics is increasing and, as consequence, their presence in the environment will continue to rise [3]. Because of their carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic properties, cytostatics have a very negative environmental impact, especially on water, and as consequence, pose serious risks to human health [4]. Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracycline antibiotic used frequently to treat cancer via DNA intercalation It consists of the tetracyclic quinoid aglycone adriamycinone (l4-hydroxydaunomycinone) linked to the amino sugar daunosamine [5]
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Disclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.