Abstract
Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici is the most dangerous and common disease among global wheat cultivars. Twelve local Egyptian and four exotic genotypes of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) obtained from the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT) were evaluated under Egyptian field conditions for adult plant resistance (APR) levels to stem rust at Sakha location during the two successive growing seasons (2015/16 and 2016/17). Also, DNA characterization for genotypes by specific markers were tested to determine the presence of the effective resistance genes (Sr's); Sr22, Sr24, Sr25 and Sr26. Out of the tested genotypes, four Egyptian bread wheat cultivars; (Misr3, Sakha94, Gemmeiza9 and Gemmeiza11), and four of CIMMYT lines (Line6043, Line6091, Line6107 and Line6197) show high levels of adult plant resistance to stem rust. Among the tested genotypes, Sr22 found to be the most frequent gene, present in most of them. While, Sr24 was present only in one local wheat cultivar and two exotic lines. Sr25 was present in five local wheat cultivars and two exotic lines. In addition, a resistance gene Sr26 was present in three exotic lines. The obtained results in this study evince that a combination of two or more resistance genes in one cultivar confer high adult plant resistance level in this cultivar, under field condition.
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