Abstract
New neurons are continuously generated in specific regions in the adult brain. Studies in rodents have demonstrated that adult-born neurons have specific functional features and mediate neural plasticity. Data on the extent and dynamics of adult neurogenesis in adult humans are starting to emerge, and there are clear similarities and differences compared to other mammals. Why do these differences arise? And what do they mean?
Highlights
For a long time, it was thought that the nervous system is fixed and incapable of regeneration
It is true that most neurons in the brain are generated before birth and are never exchanged, it is well established that new neurons are continuously generated by stem cells in at least two discrete regions in the brain throughout life in most mammals: the hippocampus—a seahorse-shaped structure underneath the cortex that is important for memory formation and cognitive functions; and the olfactory bulb (OB)—a structure located above the nasal cavity that is important for the sense of smell
At the end of last century, Eriksson, Gage, and colleagues established that new neurons are born in the adult human hippocampus [1]
Summary
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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