Abstract
Chromium present in high levels in water poses a serious problem in many places around the world, sometimes in relation to natural sources and in other cases to anthropogenic ones. Adsorption process using natural materials is among the most effective techniques for removing many heavy metal ions from different types of water sources. In the present study, groundnut shell was used as a nonconventional adsorbent for effective removal of chromium(VI) from aqueous solutions using batch experiments. The adsorption of chromium(VI) unto groundnut shells was found to be dependent on contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption of Cr(VI) was found to be optimum at a contact time of 120 min, pH 8.0, an adsorbent dose of 2.0 g/L, initial metal ion concentration of 25 mg/L and temperature of 41.5 °C. The experimental data were analyzed using three two-parameter isotherm models. The experimental data obtained for the adsorption of chromium(VI) ion fitted well to Temkin isotherm in comparison with the other isotherm models tested.
Highlights
Chromium is a major toxic pollutant, which entered the water streams through various industrial operations
The groundnut shells were used for the experiments without any physical or chemical treatments as an adsorbent (AbdelTawwab et al 2017; Choudhury et al 2012)
The stretching of the -OH groups bound to methyl radicals presented a signal between 2921 and 2169 cm−1
Summary
Chromium is a major toxic pollutant, which entered the water streams through various industrial operations. Sources of chromium contamination include disposal of chromiumcontaining wastes and releases from electroplating processes. The potential sources of chromium(VI) wastes are effluents from metallurgy, electroplating, leather tanning, textile dyeing, paint, ink and aluminum manufacturing industries (Wuana and Okieimen 2011). Chromium is a toxic contaminant, even in very low concentrations. Chromium in its hexavalent form Cr(VI) is well known due to its health-related issues in humans including carcinogenic and mutagenic risks (Igwe and Abia 2006; Park and Jung 2001). Chromium can lead to cancer in the lungs and digestive tract. Excessive intake of chromium by humans leads to
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