Abstract
Waste building sludge (WBS) originating in the production of concrete prestressed poles (CSW) and technical stone (TSW) used in original and Fe-modified forms (CSWFe, TSWFe) was tested as an environmentally friendly and cheap sorbent of selected cations (Cd2+, Pb2+, Cs+) and anions (AsO43−, PO43−, CrO42−) from water. The experiments were performed with 0.1 and 0.5 mmol·L−1 model solutions in a batch manner at laboratory temperature. Adsorption data were fitted with the Langmuir model. The adsorption of cations (Pb2+ and Cd2+) ran almost quantitatively (>97%) on both CSW and TSW. Cesium (Cs+) adsorption on TSW reached 80%, while in the case of CSW, it was ineffective. The modification of CSW and TSW with FeII (CSWFe and TSWFe) improved their adsorption selectivity to anions by up to 70%. The adsorption of PO43− and AsO43− ran quantitatively (>98%) on modified CSWFe and TSWFe and also on initial CSW, while CrO42− was effectively adsorbed (≈80%) on TSWFe only. The adsorption affinity of tested ions in terms of adsorption capacity and sorbent consumption declined in order as follows: Pb2+ ≈ Cd2+ >> Cs+ for cations and AsO43− ≈ PO43− > CrO42− for anions.
Highlights
The rapid progress in materials and technologies of the building industry involves growing production of building waste, whose intensive ecological treatment has increased professional concern
The separation system applied in concrete production recycles water and coarse aggregates from the concrete waste, while the remaining fine aggregates in the mixture with cement particles is landfilled without additional use
The energy-intensive production of Portland cement [2] initiates the development of new recycling and processing technologies for waste building sludge treatment [3,4]
Summary
The rapid progress in materials and technologies of the building industry involves growing production of building waste, whose intensive ecological treatment has increased professional concern. In the case of Portland cement as the most widespread building material in the world’s production (1–4 wt% of total concrete production), approximately 5 wt% ends up in waste [1]. The energy-intensive production of Portland cement [2] initiates the development of new recycling and processing technologies for waste building sludge treatment [3,4]. Many other building wastes, such as powdered waste from the processing of Technical Stone (TSW), whose production is growing in interest, have been completely unused until now. The promising chemical and surface properties of waste building sludge (WBS)— the aluminosilicate-like chemical composition (Al, Si and Fe content) and structural properties, such as easy hydration and a large specific surface area (SBET)—open up the possibility to use it in adsorption technologies as selective and environmentally friendly sorbents [4,5]
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