Abstract
The present study describes the adsorption of lead on novel Clay-CNT nanocomposite for removal of trace levels of lead (≤ 50 mg L−1) from water. The effect of CNT loading levels and adsorption behavior of lead onto nanocomposite has been explored. The sorption percentage of lead increased from 52 to 76.7% on decreasing of the mass percent of CNT from 15 to 3% in clay-CNT nanocomposite (CCN). Equilibrium time, pH, temperature, initial lead concentration, and amount of adsorbent correlated effectively with lead adsorption. The lead removal efficiency of CCN is about 88–90% at pH 6.0, and at same reaction conditions the adsorption capacity is 9.43 mg g−1. The kinetic studies shows that lead adsorption onto synthesized CCN equilibrates within 120 min. The enthalpy change of lead adsorption ranged between − 77.92 to 20.04 KJ mol−1 with entropy change between − 252.74 to 59.05 J mol−1 K−1 for solution containing lead concentration between 5 and 20 mg L−1 indicated an exothermic and spontaneous adsorption process. This study focuses on the application of kaolinite-CNT nanocomposite as novel adsorbent for removal of trace levels of lead (≤ 15 mg L−1) from water. It is an economically feasible material since only 3% CNT is used in clay matrix, which enhances the adsorption properties of clay significantly.
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