Abstract
We have investigated the effects of low molecular weight organic acid ligands on the adsorption of the insecticidal toxin from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) by the colloidal ( 0.97). When present at low concentrations, organic acids (acetate, oxalate, citrate) had an inhibitory effect on toxin adsorption. Uptake, however, was promoted when the organic acid concentration exceeded 10 mM. The toxin was very strongly bound by the soils but the soil-toxin interaction weakened in the presence of organic acids. A small portion of the toxin was adsorbed by electrostatic and ligand exchange interactions. The addition of organic acids appeared to enhance these interactions.
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