Abstract
Imazapic is widely used in peanut production, and its residues can cause damage to succeeding crops planted in the following year. The planting area of peanut is large in Henan province. Inceptisol is the main soil type in Henan Province and was used in laboratory experiments that were conducted to investigate imazapic degradation in soil under various environmental conditions. The results indicated that the imazapic degradation rate increased with an increase in temperature, soil pH, and soil moisture, and decreased with organic matter content. The use of biogas slurry as a soil amendment accelerated imazapic degradation. The half-life of imazapic in sterilized soil (364.7 d) was longer than in unsterilized soil (138.6 d), which suggested that there was a significant microbial contribution to imazapic degradation. Imazapic adsorption was also examined and was found to be well described by the Freundlich isotherm. The results indicate that soil has a certain adsorption capacity for imazapic.
Highlights
Imazapic(±)-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5- methylnicotinic acid is an imidazolinone herbicide
It was found that imazapic has a long residual period in soil and microbial degradation was the primary mechanism of imazapic degradation
The microbial degradation of imidazolinone herbicides is correlated with soil properties and adsorption [31]
Summary
Imazapic(±)-2-(4-isopropyl-4-methyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl)-5- methylnicotinic acid is an imidazolinone herbicide. It can control many common weeds such as lambsquarter (Chenopodium album L.) and pigweed species (Amaranthus spp.), and troublesome weeds such as yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus L.) and purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus L.) [1,2,3]. Because of its tolerance by peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), as well as its high-efficiency and broad-spectrum application, imazapic has been widely used in peanut cultivation worldwide. Imazapic is registered for use in peanut and sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) production in China [4,5]. The planting area of peanut is large in Henan province, and it was reported that Henan province had the largest planting area of peanuts in China in 2005 [7]
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