Abstract
This study was conducted for two seasons from 2018 to 2020 to determine fenugreek genotypes yield and quality characteristics under semiarid climatic conditions. Fenugreek genotypes viz., Adana, Afghanistan, Gaziantep, Iraq, Kahramanmaraş, Kayseri, Mardin, Şanlıurfa with varieties of Berkem and Gürarslan were used as plant material in the research. Field trials were conducted with four replications according to the randomized complete block design. The results revealed that the time to emergence varied from 16.0 to 19.9 days, 50% flowering from 160.9 to 170.4 days, and the vegetation period from 202.0 to 209.3 days. According to the results of two years of research, plant height varied from 64.60 to 78.70 cm, first pod height from 25.26 to 41.76 cm, pod width from 2.91 to 3.29 mm, pod length from 10.07 to 12.60 cm, number of pods per plant from 12.00 to 18.73, number of seeds per pod from 12.55 to 15.55, biological yield from 5.12 to 7.62 t/ha−1, seed yield from 0.91 to 1.38 t/ha−1, harvest index from 17.91 to 24.35%, thousand-seed weight from 13.87 to 17.45 g, fatty oil content from 5.18 to 9.16%, fatty oil yield from 49.3 to 111.6 kg ha−1, and the trigonelline ratio varied from 0.71 to 1.32%. Statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) were observed for the pod width, while highly significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) were observed for all other parameters. According to the research results, Mardin, Kayseri, and Adana genotypes were statistically in the same group with Berkem cultivar in terms of seed yield. A higher fatty oil content was obtained in the Afghanistan genotype (9.16%) than in the Berkem cultivar (8.11%). Gaziantep, Mardin, Şanlıurfa, and Kayseri genotypes contained higher trigonellin than the Berkem and Gürarslan varieties. The obtained information was the result of the Mardin, Kayseri, Adana, Gaziantep, and Afghanistan genotypes that can be used in breeding studies.
Highlights
Of the 422 thousand flowering plant taxa globally, approximately 72 thousand are utilized and five thousand are subject to trade globally [1]
The highest of all these parameters were observed in the Iraq and Afghanistan genotypes
[32] It was concluded that the flowering date and flowering date ending time were the important traits of fenugreek, which significantly influenced the yield
Summary
Of the 422 thousand flowering plant taxa globally, approximately 72 thousand are utilized and five thousand are subject to trade globally [1]. Turkey is host to nine thousand plant species, of which approximately 500 are used for drugs or fragrance production, as a country located at the intersection of Mediterranean, European, and Iran–Turan gene centers. An important ancient medicinal and aromatic plant in the traditional medicine and spice industry is fenugreek in Turkey. Fenugreek seeds are consumed as a spice, and all plant parts are used as animal feed [6,7]. Its seeds are rich in vitamins, minerals, and proteins [8,9], and all other plant parts are rich in antioxidants, saponins, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, phytochemicals, and other medicinal metabolites [10,11], which employ the whole plant in traditional medicine [12,13]
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